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The Sound of the Mind: Detection of Common Mental Disorders Using Vocal Acoustic Analysis and Machine Learning
Published in Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Valter Augusto de Freitas Barbosa, Swarm Intelligence Trends and Applications, 2023
Caroline Wanderley Espinola, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Jessiane Mônica Silva Pereira, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos
Vocal acoustic analysis can also measure the severity of negative symptoms such as aprosodia. Covington et al., 2012 analyzed pitch (F0), first (F1) and second (F2) formants of video-recorded interviews from schizophrenic patients. They investigated tongue movement as an indicator of negative symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum patients. Their study concluded that F2, a measure of variability of tongue anterior or posterior position, was significantly correlated with the severity of negative symptoms. In a following study, the same group (Compton et al., 2018) compared audio recordings from patients with aprosodia, patients without aprosodia, and healthy controls using as parameters a variability in F0, F1 and F2, and intensity/loudness. Their results showed significant differences for the group with aprosodia, with reduced variation in pitch, F2 and intensity/loudness than patients without aprosodia and healthy controls.
The efficacy of exercise interventions for all types of inpatients across mental health settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2023
Rebecca Martland, Nicole Korman, Joseph Firth, Brendon Stubbs
Across all mental health diagnoses, exercise resulted in a moderate reduction in depression severity compared to non-exercise comparators but did not change BMI. In people hospitalised for MDD, the majority of trials (6/7, 85.7%) observed a reduction in depressive symptoms following exercise compared to non-active control, and evidence from a small number of trials suggested gains in cardiorespiratory fitness, adipose tissue, muscle mass, oxidative stress and cognition. In people hospitalised for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 3/4 trials (75%) observed an improvement in psychiatric symptoms compared to non-active control, and there was a suggestion that exercise may improve depression and social functioning. In people receiving inpatient treatment for SUDs and AUDs, there was limited evidence that exercise may reduce craving scores, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. In anxiety disorders, evidence from two trials suggested a role of exercise in ameliorating anxiety. Exercise significantly reduced depression, stress and anxiety in those with bipolar disorder and PTSD and led to improvements in PTSD symptoms and sleep quality. In anorexia nervosa, exercise led to a significant reduction in exercise dependence scores and eating disorders symptomology scores but did not impede weight gain. In all categories of mental illness, there was inconclusive evidence regarding the effects of exercise on resting HR, blood pressure and lipid profiles. These narrative findings were hampered by variability of outcome measurement tools, differences in exercise regimes and population characteristics, and small sample size. Taken together, our findings suggest exercise to be a viable and effective intervention to improve some aspects of mental and physical health in inpatient mental health settings, although more research is needed to establish the full range of benefits.