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Tissue Engineering and Application in Tropical Medicine
Published in Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Tissue Engineering, 2022
Schistosomiasis is the parasitic disease that is caused by the fluke in Schistosoma species. The causative agent is known as blood fluke. The species namely Schistosoma mansoni is an important blood fluke that can result in chronic liver disease and fibrosis. In case with severe liver dysfunction, the patient might die. The use of tissue engineering technology for management of the chronic liver problem due to Schistosoma mansoni is mentioned. In an animal model study, Hegab et al. (2018) reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy was effective for management of chronic liver disease in murine Schistosoma mansoni. For Schistosoma haematobium, the chronic parasitic infection in urinary bladder might occur and it can result in cancer. To management of Schistosoma-related urinary bladder cancer, surgical treatment is indicated. Tissue engineering can play role as regenerative medicine in the management of invasive bladder cancer in this case (Hyndman et al., 2012).
Human health and safety related to urban aquatic habitats
Published in Iwona Wagner, Jiri Marsalek, Pascal Breil, Aquatic Habitats in Sustainable Urban Water Management, 2014
Schistosomiasis is another tropical disease, whose transmission cycle requires the contamination of surface waters by faeces and urine containing parasite eggs, the presence of snails and frequent contact with water. According to WHO, 200 million people are infected by this disease worldwide, leading to a loss of 1.58 million DALYs. Snail control with toxic molluscicides is expensive and logistically complex. It also affects other aquatic organisms, such as fish, and causes ecological and economic concerns. The snail population can be also reduced by canal lining, regular rapid draw-down of reservoirs and increased canal flow. Schistosomiasis could, in principle, be eliminated by behavioural changes, sanitation and safe water supply (Gryseels et al., 2006).
Health Aspects of Using Reclaimed Water in Engineering Projects
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
Schistosoma mansoni infections are caused by contact with contaminated fresh water in rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, and irrigation canals. People rarely get infected by drinking contaminated water. Any contact with contaminated waters can result in infections. These contacts include water collection for home use, hand and utensils washing, clothes washing, washing animals, washing after defecation, bathing, and swimming. Any activity that requires human-water contact with contaminated water such as irrigation canal and drainage ditch construction, canal cleaning, and fishing can result in contracting schistosomiasis.6
Evaluating the impacts of dredging and saline water intrusion on rural livelihoods in the Volta Estuary
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2018
Gifty Nyekodzi, Elaine T. Lawson, Chris Gordon
According to the World Health Organization (WHO)1 schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is the second most prevalent and socio-economically devastating parasitic disease in tropical countries, after malaria. It is endemic to 74 countries in Africa, South America, and Asia, where approximately 200 million people are infected and up to 800 million people are at risk to become infected (Zhou et al. 2008). The disease is perceived to be most common among children of school going age in poor rural communities with poor sanitary conditions and unsafe water supply (Gryseels et al. 2006 cited in Zhou et al. 2008, Yirenya-Tawiah et al. 2011b). There are two forms of schistosomiasis, urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis (Gordon and Amatekpor 1999, Yirenya-Tawiah et al. 2011a). Urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium damages the bladder and kidneys, causing painful urination, blood in the urine, and abdominal pain. The other type, intestinal schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and damages the intestines and liver, resulting in abdominal pain, fever and rectal bleeding. Schistosomiasis is caused by a parasite called a schistosome, which is a trematode worm with a complex life cycle (Zhou et al. 2008). The prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Volta Estuary was largely been attributed to the construction of the Akosombo and Kpong dams (Onori et al. 1963, McCullough and Ali 1965, Gordon 2006, Aboagye and Edoh 2009, Nkegbe 2010, Yirenya-Tawiah et al. 2011b).
Modeling the transmission phenomena of water-borne disease with non-singular and non-local kernel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Wejdan Deebani, Rashid Jan, Zahir Shah, Narcisa Vrinceanu, Mihaela Racheriu
Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection caused by blood flukes of the schistosoma genus, is one of the world’s most neglected tropical illnesses. It can cause serious health complications and even death if left untreated. It also affects an estimated 800 million individuals, with 250 million of them afflicted. Controlling these infections is essential for decreasing the economic effect of water-borne diseases in affected areas. In this paper, we used the Atangana–Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense to formulate a novel epidemic fractional order model of schistosomiasis disease. The model is then investigated for positivity of the solutions. We interrogated the steady-state and determined the basic reproduction parameter, indicated by via Next-generation matrix approach. We inspected the stability of disease-free and endemic steady-state of the system. Existence theory of the solution is presented and examined. We presented a novel numerical scheme to conceptualize the solution pathway of the system with variation of different input factors. The impact of different input factors on the system has been presented numerically. Through our numerical findings, we highlighted the most important factors for the control and prevention of the water-borne schistosomiasis infection. In future research, the proposed model of schistosomiasis will be presented with time delay to understand the role of time delay on the dynamics of the infection. Furthermore, the dynamics of schistosomiasis will be investigated in the framework of impulsive differential equations to identify the role of impulsive vaccination in the control of schistosomiasis.