China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nano-Genotoxicity Evaluation: A Review
Published in Vineet Kumar, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Nanotoxicology, 2018
Olusegun I. Ogunsuyi, Opeoluwa M. Fadoju, Motunrayo M. Coker, Solomon O. Akinrinade, Ifeoluwa T. Oyeyemi, Okunola A. Alabi, Chibuisi G. Alimba, Adekunle A. Bakare
In the sperm morphology assay, significant increase at two consecutive concentrations shows a positive genotoxicity response (Wyrobek et al. 1983). Evidence seen in man and experimental animals suggest that an increase in the frequency of abnormally shaped sperm may be an indication of induced genetic damage (Topham 1980; Benaron et al. 1982). Thus, the observed results showed that silver nanoparticles are capable of causing genetic damage in the sperm cells of mice at the tested concentrations since the criteria for positive response was satisfied. The frequency of sperm with deformed head shape in mice is known to increase when exposed to certain mutagens, carcinogens, and teratogens (Benaron et al. 1982). The induction of abnormal sperm cells in mice by silver nanoparticles suggests the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the nanoparticle and may indicate possible health effects in humans who may be exposed to this nanoparticle. Abnormal sperm morphology has a high correlation with male infertility. According to Chemes and Rawe (2003), there is a close relationship between deviations from normal sperm shape and fertilizing potential because structures of mature spermatozoa provide the best organization to serve a specific function. This finding is in concert with those of Attia (2014), who reported a significant increase in abnormal sperm cells in mice exposed intraperitoneally for 28 days to silver nanoparticles.
Swarm and Evolutionary Intelligence
Published in Mark Chang, Artificial Intelligence for Drug Development, Precision Medicine, and Healthcare, 2020
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines infertility as an inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of having regular, unprotected sex (6 months if the woman is more than 35 years old). According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 10 percent (6.1 million) women in the United States aged 15 to 44 have difficulty becoming pregnant owing to equal proportions of infertility (1/3) for female, male, and both sexes. Dealing with infertility involves an awareness of medical/procedure options and success rates, costs, and the time required to address the issue.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Sperm disorders refer to the condition with the production and maturation of sperm; the single most common cause of male infertility. Sperm may be immature, abnormally shaped, unable to move properly, or, normal sperm may be produced in abnormally low numbers (oligospermia).
Factors associated with infertility among the Lebanese population: a cross-sectional study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Nada Dia, Sara Mansour, Zelal Kharaba, Bassem Malaeb, Abir Sarray El Dine, Sally Kokash, Suzanne Nasser, Souheil Hallit, Diana Malaeb
The prevalence and the pattern of infertility are determined by a plethora of variables as socio-demographic characteristics, biological factors, disease states, and medications intake. Age is one of the non-modifiable risk factors that does not affect only the time to achieve a successful pregnancy but also influences the development of the child. (Bayrampour et al. 2012) Obesity defined as body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2, is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with ovulatory disorders, decreased implantation in females, and oligospermia in males. (Esmaeilzadeh et al. 2013; Talmor and Dunphy 2015; Craig et al. 2017) In addition to age and obesity, there are other risk factors that can have an influential effect on infertility as smoking, alcohol, and diet. (Rossi et al. 2014) A well-balanced diet and nutritional status play a vital role in achieving fertility. (Chavarro et al. 2007) Specifically, the diet that must be followed to favour the achievement of fertility, must be low in trans-fat and animal protein, rich in monounsaturated fat, and high in fiber content and vegetables. (Rossi et al. 2014) In addition, alcohol can exert a potential effect on conception through hormonal abnormality and irregular ovulation cycles. (Gill 2000) Smoking has been associated with detrimental effect on reproductive function through the toxic components released from cigarettes which induce intrafollicular oxidative stress. (Paszkowski et al. 2002) Furthermore, smoking has been shown to impair semen quality and damage the ovarian cells. (Mitra et al. 2012)
Moral women, immoral technologies? Romanian women’s perceptions of assisted reproductive technologies versus adoption
Published in The New Bioethics, 2020
Alexandra Maftei, Andrei Corneliu Holman
The number of people who seek help from specialized infertility centers increases, yearly, by 8-9%. However, there is no accurate evidence that the problem itself (i.e. infertility) is also increasing (Hudson 2009, Mascarenhas 2012). Among the most frequent medical causes of impaired reproduction are sperm defects and ovulatory disorders, and a significant number of couples worldwide encounter such problems. Female forms of infertility can be represented by anovulation, obstructed fallopian tubes, endometriosis or uterine abnormalities. In contrast, male infertility may take the form of diminished production of morphologically healthy sperm, but studies have shown that other factors such as obesity, smoking or chemical exposure may also contribute to infertility (Adamson and Baker 2003, Foster 2008).
Producing Parenthood: Islamic Bioethical Perspectives & Normative Implications
Published in The New Bioethics, 2020
Aasim I. Padela, Katherine Klima, Rosie Duivenbode
Infertility, medically defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy despite regular unprotected vaginal intercourse for at least one year, is a global health issue (Lindsay and Vitrikas 2015). Although eight to twelve percent of couples experience infertility globally, the problem is much more pronounced in the Global North (Kumar and Singh 2015, p. 191). For example, nearly 15 percent of couples within the United States experience infertility, and in a third of these cases no medical cause is identified (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2019). On the population level, infertility combines with social and economic factors resulting in declining birth rates, aging populations, and concerns about fiscal sustainability and social stability (Skakkebaek 2015, United Nations 2020, World Bank 2020).