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Nanosensors in Food Safety: Current Status, Role, and Future Perspectives
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and causes Salmonellosis that is major foodborne bacterial disease caused by Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium serotypes. The pathogen is associated with raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, beef, and unwashed fruit. The detection of this bacterium is an important milestone in the foodborne pathogen analysis due to the serious health implications such as loss of appetite, high fever, gastrointestinal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and weakness. Bio-sensing methods, such as optical, impedimetric, electrochemical and piezoelectric methods, have shown immense potential for the fast detection of salmonella but current research has highlighted the role of nanotechnology for the sensing of this deadly foodborne pathogen.
Silver-based nanomaterials: A critical review on factors affecting water disinfection performance and silver release
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Ecem Bahcelioglu, Husnu Emrah Unalan, Tuba Hande Erguder
Bacterial morphology is one of the factors affecting the disinfection performance of nanosilver. There are differences between gram-positive (B. Subtilis, S. aureus, etc.) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, etc.) based on their cell wall structure. The gram-negative cell wall is chemically complex and consists of two layers, whereas gram-positive bacteria have a much thicker and single cell wall (Madigan et al., 2012). The thick cell wall of gram-positive bacteria helps them survive in the harsh conditions, while the more complex structure of gram-negative bacteria helps them to interact with mineral surfaces and solutes in the environment to reach required nutrients (Pepper et al., 2015). The reticular structure of the peptidoglycan layer in gram-negative bacteria have a lower mechanical strength (Song et al., 2016) compared to gram-positive bacteria.
Design of nematic liquid crystals to control microscale dynamics
Published in Liquid Crystals Reviews, 2020
Swimming at a microscale, which implies a low Reynolds number, is challenging because viscosity overcomes inertia. Purcell described the specific modes of swimming at the microscale, among which is a rotation of a helicoidal flagellum, used by many motile bacteria such as B. subtilis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium [418]. A continuous rotation allows long-range propulsion, but some bacteria often interrupt rectilinear ‘runs’ by tumbling and selecting a new direction of swimming in order to find nutrients [444]. More symmetric bodies, such as a sphere, cannot sustain long-range directional propulsion in an isotropic environment. Spherical particles in an isotropic medium can exploit chemotaxis, i.e. propel in response to gradients of interfacial tension triggered by chemical reactions at the interface or by bulk gradients of chemicals such as surfactants. The gradients of the surface tension cause the so-called Marangoni flows inside and outside the droplet towards the higher value of the surface tension, thus moving the droplet [515–519].
Synthesis, X-ray characterization, and in vitro biological approach of dimeric and polymeric mercury(II) complexes with α-keto stabilized sulfur ylide
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Seyyed Javad Sabounchei, Mojdeh Sadat Hashemi, Roya Karamian, Seyed Hamed Moazzami Farida, Parviz Gohari Derakhshandeh, Robert W. Gable, Kristof Van Hecke
The synthesized complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Shigella dysenteriae as Gram-negative bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria. The complexes were dissolved in DMSO to a final concentration of 1 mgmL−1 and filtrated using a 0.45 µm Millipore (Burlington, MA). All complexes were carried using 10 mL of a suspension containing 1.5 × 108 bacteria mL−1 and spread on nutrient agar medium. The antibiotics Penicillin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, and Tetracycline were used as positive reference standards, and negative controls were prepared by using DMSO. The inhibition zone diameter and the amount of swelling from the edge of each disc in the plate are given in mm.