China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Intracellular Redox Status and Disease Development: An Overview of the Dynamics of Metabolic Orchestra
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Sharmi Mukherjee, Anindita Chakraborty
Oxidative stress has implications in the pathophysiology of various pregnancy-related complications like miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, infertility, foetal growth restrictions, as well as preterm labor. Pathological and physiological alterations in the female reproductive tract and chronic complications in the uterus such as increased production of glycoproteins from granulosa cells, lipid peroxidation in oocytes, and consequent damages in embryonic development are associated with oxidative stress (Silveira et al., 2018). Intrauterine oxidative stress influences the mortality and morbidity of premature newborns (Bak and Roszkowski, 2013). High levels of ROS have an association with reduced sperm motility in men and oocyte maturation in the female. ROS induced lipid peroxidation causes placental membrane disruption, and women with recurrent miscarriages have elevated ROS levels in blood granulocytes (Duhig et al., 2016). Oxidative stress-induced placental disruptions also contribute to the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes caused by infections (Tchirikov et al., 2017). Bacterial infections stimulate ROS generation from immune cells, which increase MMP activity and degrade collagen within chorioamnion, rupturing the foetal membrane, and resulting in amniotic fluid leakage (Gupta et al., 2009; Duhig et al., 2016). Oxidative stress generated in the ischemic placenta can induce cytotoxic factor release into circulation, giving rise to systemic inflammatory response activating maternal endothelial cells that give rise to hypertensive disorder. Vasoconstriction, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic tendencies characterize microvascular endothelial dysfunctions. Under severe conditions, these complications can induce organ damage, seizures, and even maternal death (Anonymous, 2018). Abundant mitochondrial mass, increased availability of iron as an essential cofactor, and oxygen richness of the placenta make it ideal for ROS generation. Again, iron deficiency can induce defects in mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA damage, causing ROS leakage from mitochondria (Mannaerts et al., 2018). ROS generation is also associated with reperfusion injury following ischemia along with increased xanthine oxidase activity in cytotrophoblasts. Oxidative stress increases the formation of misfolded proteins in the placenta that may contribute to fetal growth restrictions during the intrauterine period (Duhig et al., 2016).
Co(II) coordination polymer: application values on vulvovaginal candidiasis through reducing Candida albicans growth
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the common vaginal inflammations in gynecology, which is a common vulvovaginal inflammation caused by Candida. VVC has a higher incidence during pregnancy.[1] The common pathogen of VVC during pregnancy is mainly Candida albicans, and its pathogenesis includes pathogenic factors of the bacteria itself (adhesion, extracellular enzymes and morphological transformation), increased hormones during pregnancy and decreased immune function.[2,3] At the same time, VVC has a certain impact on pregnancy, which mainly leads to diseases such as intrauterine infection, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, low-weight infants, abortion and stillbirth.
Rural and urban differences in prenatal exposure to essential and toxic elements
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Jesse N. Cottrell, D’Andrea S. Thomas, Brenda L. Mitchell, Jason E. Childress, Diane M. Dawley, Lawrence E. Harbrecht, David A. Jude, Monica A. Valentovic
Disparities exist between exposure to environmental chemicals globally, but exposure to toxic chemicals is disproportionately higher in individuals with low income (Di Renzo et al. 2015). The association of birth defects targeting the heart that may be attributed to high levels of certain metals such as arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in drinking water was reviewed by Nicoll (2018). A balance between the levels of various metals is important for normal function as inadequate or excessively high levels of metals elements might induce birth defects including physical or biochemical defects to the heart, nervous system or other postnatal irreversible dysfunctions (Schlegel et al. 2015). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics has issued a special communication to highlight the reproductive health impacts of exposure to toxic environmental chemicals, noting that there are documented links between prenatal exposure and adverse health outcomes (Di Renzo et al. 2015). Deficiencies of elements zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) were linked to birth defects, pregnancy-associated hypertension, placental abruption, stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes, and infertility (Pathak & Kapil 2004). In patients with growth-restricted fetuses, serum Cu, Zn, calcium, and iron levels were significantly lower than in controls (Shen et al 2015).
Application of a novel mass spectrometric (MS) method to examine exposure to Bisphenol-A and common substitutes in a maternal fetal cohort
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018
Erin Speiser Ihde, Stacy Zamudio, Ji Meng Loh, Yalin Zhu, John Woytanowski, Lawrence Rosen, Min Liu, Brian Buckley
Inclusion criteria were healthy women aged 18–40 years old scheduled for planned Caesarean delivery, and able and willing to give written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were inability to provide informed consent, subjects undergoing an emergency Caesarean delivery or any vaginal delivery, subjects already planning to bank or donate cord blood for other reasons, and pregnancy-related complications or conditions that could possibly alter concentrations of the chemical exposures studied (including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, prolonged rupture of membranes, active maternal infection).