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Injection Materials for the Larynx
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Dong Wook Kim, Seong Keun Kwon
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) arises from the vagus nerve in the upper chest, loops under the aortic arch (left) or subclavian artery (right), and ascends back into the neck, traveling in the tracheoesophageal groove. The nerve enters the larynx posteriorly, adjacent to the cricothyroid joint. The RLN innervates the ipsilateral abductor muscles, including the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), and the adductor muscles, including the interarytenoid (IA), the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), and thyroarytenoid (TA). Thus, the RLN supplies all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles with the exception of the cricothyroid (CT) muscle, and ipsilateral RLN transection usually results in complete unilateral VFP (Fig. 15.1).11,12,13,14,15
Radiation-induced lung disease
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Max M Weder, M Patricia Rivera
Cranial nerve palsy is a rare complication of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. The latency period with which cranial nerve palsy occurs after completion of radiation treatment varies considerably and can be as long as 10 years.24 The hypoglossal, vagal and recurrent laryngeal nerves seem to be affected most frequently, resulting in hoarseness and dyspnoea due to vocal cord paralysis, dysphagia and dysarthria. Involvement of the other cranial nerves with either single or multiple cranial nerve involvement has also been described. Higher individual fraction size of the radiation dose may increase the risk of developing cranial nerve palsy. Since cranial nerve palsy is a common presentation of tumour recurrence and may also occur as a result of infectious and non-infectious disease processes, a thorough work-up needs to be conducted in these patients and radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion.
Percutaneous posterior full-endoscopic cervical foraminotomy and discectomy: a finite element analysis and radiological assessment
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Wencan Ke, Jinggang Zhi, Wenbin Hua, Bingjin Wang, Saideng Lu, Lina Fan, Li Li, Cao Yang
Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is one of the most common spinal diseases and is typically caused by cervical disc herniation, foraminal stenosis, and inflammation of the cervical nerve root in the area of the neural foramen (Abbed et al. 2007). Patients with CSR generally present with neck pain, arm pain, sensory disturbance, and motor weakness (Iyer and Kim 2016). Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical disc diseases was proposed by Smith and Robinson in 1955 and is generally regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of CSR (Smith and Robinson 1958). It is generally recognized as a safe and effective procedure with excellent clinical outcomes (Gore and Sepic 1984). However, serious complications, such as postoperative dysphagia, hematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and adjacent segment degeneration may occur (Fielding 1992; Fountas et al. 2007; Chung et al. 2016).