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Design of Abdominal Wall Hernioplasty Meshes Guided by Mechanobiology and the Wound Healing Response
Published in Jiro Nagatomi, Eno Essien Ebong, Mechanobiology Handbook, 2018
Shawn J. Peniston, Karen J.L. Burg, Shalaby W. Shalaby
The rectus sheath is divided by the posterior and anterior layer relative to the rectus abdominis muscle and is comprised of the aponeurosis from each layer of the triple flat abdominal muscles. The anterior layer of the rectus sheath is made up of primarily aponeurosis fiber from the external and internal oblique muscles and the posterior layer is comprised of aponeurosis fibers from the internal oblique and transversus muscles above the level of arcuate line. The arcuate line is generally located midway between the umbilicus and pubis and represents the transition zone in which the aponeurosis of the external oblique, the internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis muscles all pass anterior to the rectus muscle [39]. Below the arcuate line the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis lacks strength as it is comprised of only transversalis fascia, areolar tissue, and peritoneum [39]. It should be noted that aponeurosis are like tendons or ligaments, with the major difference being that they originate from large flat muscles and thus take on the form of large, flat, thin sheets. Fascial layers on the other hand are considerably more extensible and primarily function to separate layers of tissue rather than provide load bearing structural support. For this reason the myopectineal orifice is susceptible to herniation.
Mg-RE-Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications
Published in Yufeng Zheng, Magnesium Alloys as Degradable Biomaterials, 2015
The Mg-2Y-1Zn alloy showed promising mechanical performance and microstructural stability in a previous study of Hanzi et al. (2010). In order to gain insight into the in vivo performance of the Mg-2Y-1Zn alloy, a preliminary animal study on Gottingen minipigs was performed. Sample disks of 4 mm diameter and 0.4 mm thickness were implanted into four different types of tissue in the abdomen (liver, lesser omentum) and in the abdominal wall (rectus abdominis muscle, subcutaneous tissue), respectively. All animals were in good general condition until sacrifice and showed no adverse reactions. Figure 11.18 shows the histopathological preparations derived from Mg-2Y-1Zn samples in various types of tissues, and it indicates homogeneous degradation and only limited gas formation during in vivo testing. The characteristics of the tissue reactions indicate good biocompatibility, and the Mg-2Y-1Zn alloy is believed to be promising for degradable implant applications.
Global sensitivity analysis of membrane model of abdominal wall with surgical mesh
Published in Wojciech Pietraszkiewicz, Wojciech Witkowski, Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4, 2017
K. Szepietowska, I. Lubowiecka, B. Magnain, E. Florentin
The following results presented by Song et al. (2006) imply the material model assumed orthotropic. The material parameters are the same, but orientation is different. The abdominal wall model has been divided into 2 areas: central part corresponding to area of rectus abdominis muscle and linea alba with rectus sheath. In this area material direction corresponding to E1 is assumed to be in transverse direction. Lateral part corresponds to composite of lateral muscles and their fascias. Elasticity E1, E2 and G12, pressurep and orientation of lateral part αaw are assumed to be uniformly distributed random variables (Table 1).
Evaluating adaptiveness of an active back exosuit for dynamic lifting and maximum range of motion
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
D. Adam Quirk, Jinwon Chung, Megan Applegate, Jason M. Cherin, Diane M. Dalton, Lou N. Awad, Conor J. Walsh
Following standard skin preparation, bar surface electrodes (10 mm interelectrode distance) were positioned over 8 muscle sites from 4 muscle groups (back extensors, trunk flexors, hip extensors and the rectus femoris) using standardised guidelines and minor adjustments based on palpation (Figure S2). Muscle sites included for the back extensors: the thoracic (T95) and lumbar erector spinae iliocostalis (L16) (5 cm lateral to the 9th thoracic and 1st lumbar spinous process, respectively) and the erector spinae lumbar longissimus (L33) (3 cm lateral to the 3rd lumbar spinous process). For the trunk flexors, signals were monitored from the upper rectus abdominis (URA) (3 cm lateral to the Linea alba) and middle external obliques (EO) (15 cm lateral to the umbilicus oriented 45° to the linea alba). SENIAM guidelines were used to position the glutaeus maximus (GM), biceps femoris (BF) and rectus femoris (RF). EMG signals were amplified, digitised (2148 Hz) and filtered (Hardware band-pass 20–450 Hz) using a series of Duo wireless bioamplifiers and EMGWorks Software (Delsys Inc., Natick, MA).
Characterization of subcutaneous pelvic adipose tissue morphology and composition at the plane of the ASIS: A retrospective study of living subjects
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
Austin M. Moore, Samantha M. Efobi, Jazmine Aira, Ashley A. Weaver, Leon Lenchik, Fang-Chi Hsu, F. Scott Gayzik
An axis of symmetry was drawn through the linea alba anteriorly and midline of sacrum posteriorly. Next, a vector was drawn from the anterior aspect of the sacroiliac (SI) joint to the ipsilateral ASIS bilaterally. This vector was used to then establish three measures of SAT depth at the ASIS: along line from SI, lateral (traditionally thought of as the “Y” axis, patient left – right), and anterior-posterior (traditionally thought of as the “X” axis). Tissue depth at ASIS was measured from the cortical surface to the exterior surface of the skin. SAT thickness was also measured at three other locations, normal to the external surface of the skin: bilaterally at the lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle, and along midline at linea alba. An example of the depth measures can be seen in Figure 1. Three experienced image analysts performed the analysis independently on the same image data to test for inter-observer bias and protocol repeatability. In some cases, the protocol required the assumption of left-right symmetry because the full cross section of the patient was not in view. However, no images were missing the right or left ASIS.
Is torso twist production the primary role of the torso muscles in front crawl swimming?
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Jordan Andersen, Peter Sinclair, Ricardo J. Fernandes, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Ross Sanders
EMG data were recorded from three abdominal and two spinal erector muscles using BIOPAC hardware and AcqKnowledge software (v.3.9.0, BIOPAC Systems Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The skin was shaved and cleansed with alcohol before Ag-AgCl surface electrodes were adhered to the skin with an inter-electrode distance of 2 cm (Figueiredo et al., 2013). Electrodes were placed over the muscle belly parallel to the muscle fibre direction for the right internal oblique (diagonally, medial to linea semilunaris and superior to inguinal ligament at level of ASIS), external oblique (diagonally, 3 cm lateral to linea semilunaris at level of umbilical), rectus abdominis (vertically, 3 cm lateral to umbilical), lumbar erector spinae (vertically, 3 cm lateral to spine at L3), and thoracic erector spinae (vertically, 5 cm lateral to spine at T9) (McGill et al., 1996). A reference electrode was placed on the posterior superior iliac spine. Figure 1 shows the locations of the abdominal, erector spinae, and reference electrodes.