China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The abdominal wall muscles cover the sides of the body. They extend into the front of the abdominal wall, beneath the rectus abdominis in the lower torso. Three layers of muscles make up the abdominal wall: (1) the deep transverse abdominal, (2) the intermediate internal oblique, and (3) the superficial external oblique. The transverse abdominal originates from multiple spine, pelvic, and rib structures and inserts into the anterior pelvic bones and the linea alba at the midline of the abdomen. The transverse abdominal muscle fibers run horizontally, so when the muscle contracts/shortens, it supports and squeezes the abdominal contents. The internal oblique muscles originate on the sides and back of the pelvic structures and insert on the front lower ribs. The external oblique muscles originate on the back lower ribs and insert on the linea alba and the iliac crest of the pelvis. Together, the abdominal oblique muscles flex and rotate the trunk, and support the abdominal contents. A designer might use the size and placement of these muscles for aesthetic inspiration when designing leotards for gymnasts.
Global sensitivity analysis of membrane model of abdominal wall with surgical mesh
Published in Wojciech Pietraszkiewicz, Wojciech Witkowski, Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4, 2017
K. Szepietowska, I. Lubowiecka, B. Magnain, E. Florentin
The following results presented by Song et al. (2006) imply the material model assumed orthotropic. The material parameters are the same, but orientation is different. The abdominal wall model has been divided into 2 areas: central part corresponding to area of rectus abdominis muscle and linea alba with rectus sheath. In this area material direction corresponding to E1 is assumed to be in transverse direction. Lateral part corresponds to composite of lateral muscles and their fascias. Elasticity E1, E2 and G12, pressurep and orientation of lateral part αaw are assumed to be uniformly distributed random variables (Table 1).
Design of Abdominal Wall Hernioplasty Meshes Guided by Mechanobiology and the Wound Healing Response
Published in Jiro Nagatomi, Eno Essien Ebong, Mechanobiology Handbook, 2018
Shawn J. Peniston, Karen J.L. Burg, Shalaby W. Shalaby
The rectus abdominis is comprised of two ventrally located vertical pillars segmented on the midline by the linea alba. Attached to the rectus abdominis is a triple layer of flat muscles extending laterally and creating a cylindrical abdominal cavity that withstands internal pressure as well as external insults [37]. From the superficial to deep layer, these muscles include the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus. The transversus abdominus is the main muscle used to retain the abdominal contents [38].
Evaluating adaptiveness of an active back exosuit for dynamic lifting and maximum range of motion
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
D. Adam Quirk, Jinwon Chung, Megan Applegate, Jason M. Cherin, Diane M. Dalton, Lou N. Awad, Conor J. Walsh
Following standard skin preparation, bar surface electrodes (10 mm interelectrode distance) were positioned over 8 muscle sites from 4 muscle groups (back extensors, trunk flexors, hip extensors and the rectus femoris) using standardised guidelines and minor adjustments based on palpation (Figure S2). Muscle sites included for the back extensors: the thoracic (T95) and lumbar erector spinae iliocostalis (L16) (5 cm lateral to the 9th thoracic and 1st lumbar spinous process, respectively) and the erector spinae lumbar longissimus (L33) (3 cm lateral to the 3rd lumbar spinous process). For the trunk flexors, signals were monitored from the upper rectus abdominis (URA) (3 cm lateral to the Linea alba) and middle external obliques (EO) (15 cm lateral to the umbilicus oriented 45° to the linea alba). SENIAM guidelines were used to position the glutaeus maximus (GM), biceps femoris (BF) and rectus femoris (RF). EMG signals were amplified, digitised (2148 Hz) and filtered (Hardware band-pass 20–450 Hz) using a series of Duo wireless bioamplifiers and EMGWorks Software (Delsys Inc., Natick, MA).
Characterization of subcutaneous pelvic adipose tissue morphology and composition at the plane of the ASIS: A retrospective study of living subjects
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
Austin M. Moore, Samantha M. Efobi, Jazmine Aira, Ashley A. Weaver, Leon Lenchik, Fang-Chi Hsu, F. Scott Gayzik
An axis of symmetry was drawn through the linea alba anteriorly and midline of sacrum posteriorly. Next, a vector was drawn from the anterior aspect of the sacroiliac (SI) joint to the ipsilateral ASIS bilaterally. This vector was used to then establish three measures of SAT depth at the ASIS: along line from SI, lateral (traditionally thought of as the “Y” axis, patient left – right), and anterior-posterior (traditionally thought of as the “X” axis). Tissue depth at ASIS was measured from the cortical surface to the exterior surface of the skin. SAT thickness was also measured at three other locations, normal to the external surface of the skin: bilaterally at the lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle, and along midline at linea alba. An example of the depth measures can be seen in Figure 1. Three experienced image analysts performed the analysis independently on the same image data to test for inter-observer bias and protocol repeatability. In some cases, the protocol required the assumption of left-right symmetry because the full cross section of the patient was not in view. However, no images were missing the right or left ASIS.
AuNPs-PCL nanocomposite accelerated abdominal wound healing through photothermal effect and improving cell adhesion
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Cheng Zhao, Xiuwen Wu, Guopu Chen, Feng Wang, Jianan Ren
Ten to twelve weeks old, weighing 250 g adult male SD rats were obtained from the Animal Center of Jinling Hospital (Nanjing, China). The rats were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions in a temperature-controlled room (24 °C) on a 12-hour/12-hour light and dark cycle. Every group consisted of 4 rats. Groups included PCL group, PCL + AuNPs group, PCL + photothermolysis group and PCL + AuNPs + photothermolysis group. Rats were anesthetized with 2% pentobarbital sodium. The abdomen was shaved and prepared with iodophor solution. The surgical procedure was conducted referring to previous study [27]. Briefly, a 3 cm (in length) × 2 cm (in width) incision was made along the linea alba. A surgical defect (3 cm (in length) × 2 cm (in width)) involving all of the layers of the abdominal wall was cut. Then 0.5 ml 1 × 10^8 CFU E .coli was injected into the abdomen. The defect was then repaired with the materials. The scaffolds were sutured to the abdominal fascia by an interrupt 7-0 silk suture between muscles and patches in direct contact with the subcutaneous tissue and the peritoneal viscera without skin closure. After the patch was fixed on the abdomen, photothermolysis therapy with output power of 3 W was exposed on the samples for 50 s and received total fluence of 150 J/cm2. After 7 days, rats were executed and granulation was collected without implants. HE and Masson staining were further conducted to evaluate the proliferation. Lymphocytes and neutrophils were figured out via their cellular morphology.