China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Two more relatively common congenital cardiology treatments are for coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary artery stenosis. Each of these is treated by placing a (relatively large) stent within the obstruction. An aortic coarctation is often a very significant stenosis, around the superior aspect of the descending thoracic aorta. This can be so severe as to make passage of a catheter quite challenging. Once a stiff wire has been passed via the femoral artery and through the stenosis, pressure measurements are taken on either side of the coarctation. The difference in peak proximal to distal pressure is known as a pressure gradient. Once an appropriately sized stent has been deployed, the pressure gradient is again measured to check the value of the treatment. If not significantly reduced, the stent may be dilated using a larger balloon.
Carotid hemodynamic response to external pressure and comparison with induced-stenosis progression: a fluid-structure interaction study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Kshitij Shakya, Dalchand Ahirwar, P. M. Nabeel, Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
Applying external pressure over the healthy artery has not been compared yet with the stenosis developing within the lumen of the arterial wall. The application of external pressure on the common carotid artery (CCA) generally occurs when performing carotid ultrasound, using a tonometer to measure pulse wave velocity and sometimes detecting and analysing bruit using a stethoscope. In a study, the impact of external compression by the ultrasound probe was studied on CCA (Chayer et al. 2022). The deformation in the CCA appears to be somewhat bell-shaped. There are several indirect studies to simulate the stenosis by inducing a change in the shape of the geometry, one such study did the computational analysis by applying the lattice Boltzmann method to the regular and irregular shaped stenosis (Sakthivel and Anupindi 2021). A comparison was done between 3 -CFD and 0D branch pulmonary artery stenosis model by Pewowaruk et al. (2021). Typically blood flow interacts with the artery wall following the FSI. It was shown by Failer et al. (2021) that FSI might describe more clinical outcomes than the rigid stenosed artery. Computational modelling also provides flexibility in choosing the blood rheology model according to the diseased arteries and other clinical perspectives. This kind of study was done by Liu et al. (2021a) to compare the effect of Newtonian blood flow with non-Newtonian blood flow in the stenosed artery.