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CHEM Biomedical Applications
Published in Witold M. Sokolowski, Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory Structure, 2018
Witold M. Sokolowski, Naziha Chirani, L’Hocine Yahia
Also, from an application standpoint, a septal occluder made from CHEM can be considered. Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for 7%–10% of all congenital heart disease in children and 30%–33% of defects diagnosed in adults with congenital heart disease [20]. Secundum ASD is a congenital heart defect in the septum between the atria of the heart that allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium through a hole or defect in the interatrial septum. This defect is typically caused by deficiency in the valve tissue of fossa ovalis, excessive or ectopic resorption of septum primum or deficient growth of septum secundum. Forty years ago, King and his team performed the first transcatheter closure of an ASD using double umbrella disks [21]. Since then, many devices have been developed to close such defects [22]. During a cardiac catheterization, a thin catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin of a patient and guided to the heart. Through the catheter, a mesh patch or plug is put into place to close to close the interatrial defect. The heart tissue grows around the mesh, permanently sealing the defect.
Nanodevices for Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease: Advances, Challenges, and Way Ahead
Published in Alok Dhawan, Sanjay Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Rishi Shanker, Nanobiotechnology, 2018
Alok Pandya, Madhuri Bollapalli
Coronary angiography (CAG) is a type of x-ray examination based on the injection of contrast substance in the coronary vessels (Stefanini and Windecker, 2015). Sometimes, doctors recommend coronary angiography if other tests or factors indicate the possibility of the patient having CHD. This test uses a dye and special x-rays to show the insides of coronary arteries. To get the dye into the coronary arteries, the doctor will use a procedure called cardiac catheterization. A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in the arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck. The tube is threaded into the coronary arteries, and the dye is released into the bloodstream. Special x-rays are taken while the dye is flowing through the coronary arteries. The dye lets the doctor study the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels. Cardiac catheterization usually is done in a hospital. It usually causes little or no pain, although the patent may feel some soreness in the blood vessel where the doctor inserts the catheter.
Iatrogenic tracheobronchial and chest injury
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Marios Froudarakis, Demosthenes Makris, Demosthenes Bouros
Cardiac catheterization involves some risks, as with every invasive procedure. The most common complications resulting from cardiac catheterization are vascular-related, including external bleeding at the arterial puncture site, haematomas, and pseudoaneurysms. Less frequent complications include cardiac arrhythmias, pericardial tamponade and renal failure. The most serious complications are stroke, myocardial infarction and death resulting from clotting or rupture in one of the coronary or cerebral vessels.57 The risk of complications from cardiac catheterization is higher in patients over the age of 60, in those who have severe heart failure, and in those with advanced valvular disease.
Design of Navigation Applications for People with Disabilities: A Review of Literature and Guideline Formulation
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Maryam Zahabi, Xi Zheng, Azima Maredia, Farzaneh Shahini
The characteristics of the 45 relevant apps are summarized in Table 7. In total, we found 15 assistive navigation apps designed for people with mobility impairment, 25 assistive apps for people with hearing impairment, one assistive app for people with cognitive impairment, and 7 assistive apps for older adults from the iOS Apple store and Google play store. The navigation apps were mainly designed for finding accessible places or guiding people with physical impairments to avoid obstacles, architectural barriers, or inaccessible routes. The hearing disabled assistive apps were designed for improving the communication capability for this group of people by analyzing and processing the surrounding sound. People with hearing impairment can hear the world around them better with amplified sound, can receive the real-time information effectively by reading the text translated from the spoken language, or can convert the sign languages into speech and text with the help of those apps. The applications of the seven assistive apps for older adults were more diversified. While three of them were designed for helping older adults to establish a daily exercise route, one supported older adults who are living on their own by providing timely alerts to their family members if a safety issue is suspected, and one was designed for aiding people age 75 years and older considering cardiac catheterization as treatment for a heart attack. Also, the navigation apps for older adults were designed to be simple and allowed them to enlarge the text in the setting.
MRI-guided endovascular intervention: current methods and future potential
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Bridget F. Kilbride, Kazim H. Narsinh, Caroline D. Jordan, Kerstin Mueller, Teri Moore, Alastair J. Martin, Mark W. Wilson, Steven W. Hetts
Promising cardiovascular applications include not only identification and treatment of coronary atherosclerosis but also evaluation and treatment of congenital heart disease and electrophysiology [119,128,129]. Razavi et al. performed MRI-guided cardiac catheterization in 16 patients with congenital heart disease for purposes of diagnosis and evaluation, including two radiofrequency ablations [84]. The elimination of ionizing radiation was particularly meaningful in these cases, since they were performed on children and teenagers [84]. Performing these procedures under MRI has the added benefit of permitting any slice orientation. Recently, Campbell-Washburn et al. performed right-heart catheterization using a metallic guidewire, and using a low SAR sequence, measured negligible heating (<0.07°C) using a standard angled-tip nitinol Terumo Glidewire [75]. Ratnayaka et al. performed 50 cardiac MR fluoroscopy guided right-heart catheterizations in 39 pediatric patients, using passive catheters [130].
Catheter-based closure of aortic and mitral paravalvular leaks: existing techniques and new frontiers
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Timothy A. Joseph, Colleen E. Lane, Erin A. Fender, Chad J. Zack, Charanjit S. Rihal
Percutaneous closure is performed in the cardiac catheterization lab utilizing a combination of fluoroscopy, intra-cardiac echocardiography, and three-dimensional (3D) TEE for real-time procedural guidance and determination of procedural success [29,31,51,56,57]. For aortic PVL, a wire is passed from the aorta across the defect into the left ventricle (LV) and closure devices are then deployed over the wire. In mitral PVL, access is most commonly obtained in the femoral vein and transseptal puncture of the interatrial septum is performed to gain access to the left atrium. A wire is then passed through the leak into the LV (Figure 2). For both aortic and mitral PVL closure additional wire support may be required to ensure device stability during positioning and deployment. In these cases a ‘rail’ may be created by externalizing the distal end of the wire outside the body (Figure 3) [36]. Transapical access can be used for crossing both aortic and mitral PVL [58,59], though it is not the authors’ preferred route due to risk. Other reported techniques for mitral PVL closure include a retrograde approach from the aorta to the LV and then subsequently through the defect to the left atria. Finally, one case also described passing the wire through the mitral valve orifice via an antegrade transseptal approach, looping in the LV and then performing a retrograde crossing of the mitral valve PVL [60].