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X-ray Vision: Diagnostic X-rays and CT Scans
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
X-ray angiography, x-ray imaging of the circulatory system with contrast media, also makes use of organic iodine compounds. Although the outline of the heart itself is visible in even an ordinary chest x-ray (Figure 5.1c), an injection of contrast media is necessary to see details of the blood vessels (Figure 5.16c). This is usually performed by means of a catheter threaded through a large vein into the blood vessel or heart chamber of interest; the injection can then be made locally, using only a small amount of contrast dye. X-ray angiography remains the “gold standard” for imaging the heart and circulatory system at high spatial resolution. Its use significantly expands the ability of diagnostic x-rays to study and treat cardiovascular disease, by far the leading cause of death in the US. For example, coronary angiography can be used to detect the narrowing of major blood vessels, which indicates the presence of coronary artery disease. This technique is important, in large part because angiography makes possible cardiac catheterization procedures, which now replace many types of open surgery on the heart and large blood vessels. These less invasive and risky procedures can be used for numerous operations – from the insertion of cardiac pacemakers to balloon angioplasty techniques for opening up blood vessels occluded by plaque.
Cardiovascular system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Coronary angiography is performed by placement of preshaped catheters into the origins of the coronary arteries and injection of contrast material. Catheters are inserted via femoral artery puncture. Coronary angiography is the investigation of choice for quantification of coronary artery stenosis. Coronary angiography may be combined with therapeutic interventions including coronary artery angioplasty and stent deployment. Limitations of coronary angiography are discussed below.
Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Once inserted the catheter is passed into the ascending aorta and can then be selectively placed in the aorta, left ventricle or coronary arteries (in the last case known as coronary angiography). Passage of the catheter may damage or dislodge atheromatous plaques resulting in a risk of stroke or other complications.
Device profile of the Resolute Onyx Zotarolimus eluting coronary stent system for the treatment of coronary artery disease: overview of its safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Moritz Blum, Davide Cao, Roxana Mehran
The Resolute Onyx Core trial was a prospective single-arm registry performed at 11 centers across the United States (US). [28] Patients with up to two de-novo coronary lesions undergoing PCI for stable or unstable angina were included. Only R-Onyx stents with diameters between 2.25 and 4 mm were allowed in this study. The study protocol mandated a DAPT duration of 6 to 12 months. All patients were scheduled for follow-up angiography at 8 months after the procedure. The primary endpoint of the study was late lumen loss (LLL) at 8 months, as determined by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). A historical cohort from the RESOLUTE US Clinical Trial, which had received Resolute ZES, served as comparator. A 0.20 mm difference after adjustment for propensity score quintile was pre-specified as non-inferiority margin. The study enrolled 75 patients with 78 coronary lesions. LLL at 8 months was 0.24 ± 0.39 mm, compared to 0.36 ± 0.52 mm in the historical Resolute Integrity cohort, resulting in a difference of −0.13 mm with a one sided upper 95% confidence interval of −0.02 mm after propensity score adjustment. Thus, non-inferiority (p < 0.001) was demonstrated and post-hoc testing for superiority was significant (p = 0.029) in favor of the R-Onyx stent. [28] Findings from the Resolute Onyx Core trial showed that angiographic outcomes with the R-Onyx stent were not only non-inferior, but superior compared to the historical Resolute ZES cohort.
Relationship between myocardial bridge compression severity and haemodynamic perturbations
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Ashkan Javadzadegan, Abouzar Moshfegh, Hamid Hassanzadeh Afrouzi
This study included 10 patients with a MB in the LAD artery with varying degrees of vessel compression. All patients underwent coronary angiography and physiological measurements within their coronary arteries for clinical reasons. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, and the study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at our institution. Exclusion criteria were the presence of acute coronary syndrome, prior percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, prior heart transplantation, renal insufficiency (creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL), abnormal ejection fraction (<55%), pulmonary hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease. Patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (diameter stenosis > 50%) in the right and left coronary arteries were also excluded.
Classifier for the functional state of the respiratory system via descriptors determined by using multimodal technology
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Sergey Alekseevich Filist, Riad Taha Al-kasasbeh, Olga Vladimirovna Shatalova, Altyn Amanzholovna Aikeyeva, Osama M. Al-Habahbeh, Mahdi Salman Alshamasin, Korenevskiy Nikolay Alekseevich, Mohammad Khrisat, Maksim Borisovich Myasnyankin, Maksim Ilyash
Pathology of the cardiovascular system (CVS) and respiratory organs today occupies one of the leading places in the structure of causes of death, as well as temporary and permanent disability. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases. The combination of COPD with cardiovascular diseases is one of the most common and most unfavorable in clinical practice. Cardiovascular lesions in patients with COPD are detected at late stages of the disease and are already formed, although their occurrence is not excluded at any stage of the disease. On the other hand, more than a third of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) confirmed by coronary angiography were diagnosed with COPD based on spirometry results.