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Injectable Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Repair and Augmentation
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
Subrata Bandhu Ghosh, Kapender Phogat, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh
Early tissue engineering approaches often relied on scaffolds such as preformed meshes or rigid scaffolds, that required surgical intervention for implantation (Peter and Elisseeff, 2005, Chan and Leong, 2008). Surgical implantation would need incisions, anesthesia, and can result in surgical and post-surgical complications. There is therefore, a need to develop strategies where the scaffolds can be implanted in a less invasive manner. In contrast to traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgery uses laparoscopic devices, inserted through small incisions, to carry out the intervention, thereby decreasing surgery-related complications and morbidity. The advent of minimally invasive surgical techniques has also allowed for improvement in both post-operative convalescence and important clinical outcomes (Skovrlj et al. 2015). Additionally, such systems allow co-injection of cell suspension and scaffold materials, thereby producing a cell-scaffold construct which can fill irregular shaped cavity (Hou et al. 2004, Amini and Nair 2012, Portnov et al. 2017).
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Minimally invasive procedure (MIP) is similar to newer surgical techniques, such as Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). It requires a simulated learning environment facilitated by intensive cadaveric training. MIP is any procedure (surgical or otherwise) that is less invasive than open surgery used for the same purpose. A minimally invasive procedure typically involves use of arthoscopic (for joints and the spine) or laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or large scale display panel, and is carried out through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening.
General Techniques and Applications
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
The term minimally invasive surgery refers to surgical procedures and techniques that minimize the trauma of healthy tissue during operations. In many cases, the surgical site is accessed via small incisions and advanced surgical tools are employed to perform cutting, coagulation and vaporization with minimal injury to the surrounding tissue. The benefit of this type of surgery is obvious: it causes less pain, less blood loss and less stress to the patient; it requires less anaesthesia because of the smaller incisions; it avoids complications due to injury to healthy tissue; and it leads to shorter recovery time.
Simulation of non-Newtonian flow of blood in a modified laparoscopic forceps used in minimally invasive surgery
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Md. Abdul Raheem Junaidi, Harsha Sista, Ram Chandra Murthy Kalluri, Y. V. Daseswara Rao, Alla Gopala Krishna Gokhale
There has been a significant development in the field of surgery over the last few years to facilitate and improve surgeons' performance and patients' safety. Earlier, surgeons used to perform laparotomy procedures by cutting the abdominal cavity wide open, to view the internal organs directly. This often requires a big incision of about 100 mm in length (Buia et al. 2015). Laparoscopic procedure, on the other hand, is a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) used by surgeons to operate upon the abdominal cavity by viewing the internal organs through a monitor. Depending on the type of surgery, up to four small incisions of less than 10 mm are made in the abdomen through which instruments like a laparoscope, dissector forceps, and suction–irrigation (S–I) device are inserted. A laparoscope is a 330 mm long device with a high-resolution camera used for viewing organs in the abdominal cavity. The dissector forceps is used for grasping and dissecting the infected tissue. The S–I process is used to clean and disinfect the abdominal cavity to enable safe and efficient surgical intervention. This is done by sucking out blood and other body fluids and irrigating with a disinfectant such as saline water. S–I instruments must be sterilized properly to avoid the clotting of blood and trapping of tissue inside it. Some advantages of the laparoscopic procedures include minimal scarring, less trauma, less post-operative pain, less chances of infection to patients and surgeons, reduced duration of stay in the hospital, and faster recovery time (Chambers et al. 2011; Li 2011; Santos et al. 2011; Zhu et al. 2017).
Bovine pericardium leaflet damage during transcatheter aortic valve crimping: a study of the mechanisms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Wentao Feng, Xianda Yang, Jie Yao, Chenglong Feng, Lizhen Wang, Yubo Fan
The transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) has been considered a safe and effective therapeutic implantable device for aortic valve replacement (Cribier et al. 2002; Cao et al. 2013). Compared with the traditional surgical aortic valve, whose leaflets are mounted on a rigid circular ring and implanted through open chest surgery, the leaflets of a transcatheter aortic valve are sutured on a collapsible stent and deployed through a catheter (Ferrari 2011). This minimally invasive treatment can reduce the risk of surgery and help in rapid postoperative recovery. There is no significant difference in short-term durability between TAVs and surgical valves. However, the long-term durability is unknown because of lacking long-term follow-up data (Barbanti and Tamburino 2016; Costa et al. 2019).
Synthetic laparoscopic video generation for machine learning-based surgical instrument segmentation from real laparoscopic video and virtual surgical instruments
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Takuya Ozawa, Yuichiro Hayashi, Hirohisa Oda, Masahiro Oda, Takayuki Kitasaka, Nobuyoshi Takeshita, Masaaki Ito, Kensaku Mori
Laparoscopic surgery is widely recognised as a type of minimally invasive surgery, where an endoscope and surgical instruments are inserted through ports placed on the patient body surface. The surgeon controls the surgical instruments while watching images from the laparoscope on a monitor. Since this surgery requires great skill, many surgical assistance systems have been studied for laparoscopic surgery, including a surgical planning system, a surgical training system, a surgical navigation system, and so on (Nicolau et al. 2011; Alaker et al. 2016). Several research groups have also proposed laparoscopic videos analysis method for surgical assistance. These researches conducted surgical instrument segmentation (García-Peraza-Herrera et al. 2017; Nwoye et al. 2019), organ segmentation (Gibson et al. 2017), surgical process analysis (Twinanda et al. 2017), and skill assessment (Funke et al. 2019) from laparoscopic videos and introduced a deep learning technique to improve performance. In laparoscopic video analysis using deep learning, a large number of training data are required to improve performance. Such training data include the original laparoscopic video data as well as the annotation data. Manual annotation that creates training data, especially for region segmentation in each frame, is a heavy task. Several researches have investigated weakly supervised methods to reduce this annotation burden (Nwoye et al. 2019; Fuentes-Hurtado et al. 2019). Furthermore, imbalance problems also exist for creating training data. For example, in surgical instrument segmentation, collecting a massive amount of data on surgical instruments that are used infrequently during surgery is difficult. Their recognition accuracy may be reduced by a lack of training data. This paper solves this problem by increasing the amount of training data using synthetic image generation. We also describe surgical instrument segmentation from laparoscopic videos using synthetic images.