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Multiplex Testing of Bcr-Abl1 and Jak2 V617f in Suspected Mpn Using Rt-Pcr Rdb Method
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
N. Masykura, F. Albertha, A.R.H. Utomo, U. Habibah, M. Yunus, Suharsono, F. Selasih, A. Bowolaksono
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) is a group of blood disorders consisting of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML), Polycythemia Vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), chronic neutrophilic leukaemia, chronic eosinophilic leukaemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, mast cell disease, and another unclassifiable disease (Tefferi & Vardiman, 2008). CML is caused Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph), a reciprocal translocation of BCR and ABL1 genes that increases tyrosine kinase activation (Jaras et al., 2010). BCR-ABL1 translocation is comprised of four groups based at the translocation breakpoint; major, minor, micro and nano (Burmeister & Reinhardt, 2008). Reverse Transcript RT-PCR is a common method to detect the presence of BCR-ABL1 (Gutierrez et al., 2010) in samples obtained from either peripheral blood or bone marrow of suspected MPN patients (Burmeister et al., 2010).
Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorders
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
People with allergies and other health conditions are also facing the following possible risks involving PRT scan, and they are: It is possible to have an allergic reaction to the tracer. People who are allergic to iodine, aspartame, or saccharin should alert their doctor.Those who can’t have an iodine tracer, typically receive a tracer made up of diluted barium sweetened with saccharin.Those most likely to have an allergic reaction to the iodine tracer include people with: A history of allergic reactions to PET scans.Allergies.Asthma.Heart disease.Dehydration.The blood cell disorders sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera, and multiple myeloma.Kidney disease.A drug regimen that includes beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or interleukin-2 (IL-2).
Development of Oligonucleotide Delivery, (siRNAs), and (miRNA) Systems for Anticancer Therapeutic Strategy Immunotherapy
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
Hematological malignancies are a group of diseases characterized by clonal proliferation of blood-forming cells that collectively represent 9% of all cancers and affect people of all ages. Malignant blood diseases are classified as myeloid or lymphoid depending on their stem cells of origin and as acute or chronic based on the clinical course. The myeloid lineage normally produces granulocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, macrophages, and mast cells. The myeloid neoplasms are a group of diseases that primarily develop and expand in the bone marrow and can home to peripheral hematopoietic tissues. Myeloid neoplasms include myeloproliferative neoplasm (chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML], chronic neutrophilic leukemia, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia), myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The lymphoid lineage produces B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer, and plasma cells. Lymphoid neoplasms are characterized by lymphocyte accumulation in the bloodstream, the bone marrow, or in lymphatic nodes and organs. Lymphoid neoplasms include acute leukemia of uncertain lineage, mature B-cell neoplasms, acute B and T leukemias (ALL), B and T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM). In adults, AML and CLL are the most common types of leukemia. Leukemia is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in children aged 0–14 years, accounting for up to 35% of all cancers, 77% of which are ALL [113]. Although hematological malignancies represent >60 distinct disease types, each having particular clinical features, treatment pathways, and outcomes, these diseases are related in the sense that they may all result from acquired mutations to the DNA of a single lymph- or blood-forming stem cell. Several of these diseases are associated with chromosomal translocations, which cause gene fusion and amplification of expression, while others are characterized by an aberrant expression of oncogenes. Overall, these genes play a major role in the development and maintenance of malignant clones.
Study of heat sink effect of blood in a bifurcated vessel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Sidharth Sankar Das, Swarup Kumar Mahapatra
A person suffering from anemia or stem cell disorder or vitamin deficiency can have a lower RBC concentration than a normal person, while diseases like polycythemia vera, or lung disease that causes your body to produce too many red blood cells can show a higher RBC concentration in bloodstream than normal. As it can be seen from Figure 9(a) that by increasing the concentration of RBCs in blood, there is a slight increase in blood temperature near bifurcated blood vessel wall, which is in agreement with the theoretical work by Wang and Keller (Wang and Keller 1985). This slight enhancement in heat transfer can be attributed to the fact that by increasing the RBC concentration, the effective thermal conductivity increases. Generally, lateral heat transfer in a fluid is assumed to be convection in nature, but in the case of a fluid with suspending particles, the heat transfer in lateral direction can be a combination of both i.e. convection of fluid and diffusion between particles. Both of these are combined by effective conductivity term, which is very much dependent on concentration of suspending particles in a suspension medium (plasma). So, as the RBC concentration increases in plasma, effective conductivity increases to some extent which increases the diffusion mode of heat transfer at the bifurcation. An increase in temperature of blood at the bifurcated region is due to an increase in RBC concentration. It can be seen from Figure 9(b), which shows a magnified view of minimum temperature at bifurcation against cardiac time between 12.3 sec to 12.55 sec, that an increase in temperature is observed due to an increase in RBC concentration. As the increase in temperature is small, it will not disrupt the thermal ablation process if patients, with different levels of RBC concentrations in blood stream, are being treated in a similar process unless the infected site is in or near the sensitive part of the brain and ocular section where a temperature change of less than 1 °C can cause serious medical issues.