China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Polycythemia is the presence of an abnormally high red blood cell count, an increased hemoglobin concentration, or increased hematocrit. A number of chemicals have been reported to cause polycythemia. The best-known agent is cobalt. Besides the polycythemic effect, cobalt produces reticulocytosis, i.e., an increase in the number of precursor red blood cells, bone marrow hyperplasia, and increased erythropoietic activity in the spleen and liver.
Toxic Responses of the Blood
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Polycythemia is the presence of an abnormally high red blood cell count, an increased hemoglobin concentration, or increased hematocrit. A number of chemicals have been reported to cause polycythemia. The best-known agent is cobalt. Besides the polycythemic effect, cobalt produces reticulocytosis, i.e., an increase in the number of precursor red blood cells, bone marrow hyperplasia, and increased erythropoietic activity in the spleen and liver.
Effects of heat transfer, body acceleration and hybrid nanoparticles (Au–Al2O3) on MHD blood flow through a curved artery with stenosis and aneurysm using hematocrit-dependent viscosity
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Bhupendra Kumar Sharma, Ali J. Chamkha
The majority of the previous research assumed constant viscosity, but in reality, it is affected by a variety of parameters such as hematocrit, temperature, and shear rate. The hematocrit has a significant impact on the viscosity of whole blood. Firstly, Lih [35] discovered that blood viscosity is affected by hematocrit and artery diameter in blood flow. By increasing the hematocrit by one unit, blood viscosity increases by 4% [36]. This connection becomes particularly sensitive as the hematocrit level rises. In disorders like polycythemia, as the hematocrit increases to 60 or 70%, the blood viscosity can reach ten times that of water, and blood flow via the artery is substantially slowed due to increased flow resistance [37]. The impact of changing viscosity on blood flow hemodynamics has been studied using various mathematical models [38–40]. The curved arterial flow with hematocrit-dependent viscosity was not included in the study mentioned above.
The modern pharmacological approach to diabetes: innovative methods of monitoring and insulin treatment
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Iulian Tătaru, Oana M. Dragostin, Iuliu Fulga, Florentina Boros, Adelina Carp, Ariadna Maftei, Carmen L. Zamfir, Aurel Nechita
The main source of error of the classical method is the application of an insufficient amount of blood. Also, erroneous values can be obtained at extreme variations of the external temperature (cold/heat) [11], of the altitude [12] or depending on the particularities of each individual, mechanical stress applied to the strips [13], dirty glucometers or insufficient cleaning of the area used for testing [14,15]. Of particular importance is the periodic calibration of the meter, or the introduction of the calibration code present in some types of test strips [16]. Other comorbidities may affect blood glucose levels, such as hypotension, anemia, polycythemia, acidemia [17], but also the concomitant administration of drugs such as acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, mannitol, dopamine [18]. However, the most important issue remains patient compliance, especially in children and socially challenged families [5].
Potential application of XC3 (X = B, N) nanosheets in drug delivery of hydroxyurea anticancer drug: a comparative DFT study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
Rezvan Rahimi, Mohammad Solimannejad, Zeynab Ehsanfar
Hydroxycarbamide (HC), or the anticancer drug hydroxyurea, has been used as an anti-neoplastic drug in myeloproliferative disorders, mainly polycythemia Vera and essential thrombocythemia. The hydroxyurea anticancer drug restrained the growth of cancer cells in the head and neck, and it cures many neoplastic diseases, including chronic myelogenous leukemia [16–18]. HC anticancer drug used in the treatment of sickle cell anemia [19]. Some of the side effects of this drug are drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, constipation, mucositis, anorexia, stomatitis, bone marrow toxicity, skin changes, abnormal liver enzymes, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen [20]. These side effects may happen when interacting with the wrong purpose or in the incorrect tissue. One compelling method to minimise drugs’ side effects and toxicity is to send prescriptions to the target regions. Drug delivery technologies make it possible to increase the efficiency of drug uptake and distribution.