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Iatrogenic tracheobronchial and chest injury
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Marios Froudarakis, Demosthenes Makris, Demosthenes Bouros
Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity. An iatrogenic pneumothorax occurs secondary to a medical or surgical procedure. Most common causes are transthoracic needle aspiration or biopsy, percutaneous tube thoracostomy, transbronchial biopsy, central venous cannulation and central venous port placement in oncology patients, thoracocentesis, pacemaker placement, colonoscopy and laparoscopy, mechanical positive-pressure ventilation and non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation, especially in cystic fibrosis patients, cardiopulmonary resuscitations, and percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of lung neoplasms. Less common causes are tracheostomy, gastric tube placement, colonoscopy, pericardiocentesis and acupuncture.52
From plugging air leaks to reducing lung volume: a review of the many uses of endobronchial valves
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Jorrit B.A. Welling, T. David Koster, Dirk-Jan Slebos
Treatment with one-way endobronchial valves can be an additional treatment option in patients with a persistent air leak (PAL). A PAL is a persistent communication between the bronchial tree or alveoli and the pleural space, and is defined as an air leak that lasts more than five days [43]. The most common causes of PALs are secondary spontaneous pneumothorax due to underlying lung disease (e.g. emphysema), pulmonary infections, complications of mechanical ventilation or lung surgery [43,44]. There are several treatment options in patients with a PAL and a surgical approach is primarily recommended. However, if patients are not eligible for surgery, other options can be explored. Most PALs will resolve with conservative management and other options include chemical or autologous blood pleurodesis and attachment of a Heimlich valve, but sometimes this requires several weeks of chest tube management, either in the hospital or at home [43,44].
An evaluation methodology for motorcyclists’ wearable airbag protectors based on finite element simulations
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2021
Oscar Cherta Ballester, Maxime Llari, Valentin Honoré, Catherine Masson, Pierre-Jean Arnoux
As for the rib cage, the use of the airbag protector reduces the risk of soft tissue injuries for all simulated impacts. The computed probabilities of sustaining severe injuries ranged from 1 to 63%. The likelihood of sustaining a severe soft tissue injury to the chest was below 25%, except for high velocity impacts (9 m/s) with the kerbstone and pillar impactors. A maximum reduction of 22% of the probability of getting severely injured was observed for the impact with the kerbstone impactor at 7 m/s. The risk of a severe injury being sustained was practically avoided (<15%) for impacts with the plate and pillar impactors at 5 and 7 m/s and for the impact with the kerbstone impactor at 5 m/s. Considering the main severe thoracic soft tissue injuries (AIS > 3) sustained by motorcyclists in real-world accidents [4], the airbag protector allows reducing the probability of sustaining severe lung contusions and lacerations, hemothorax and pneumothorax.
Factors contributing to serious and fatal injuries in belted rear seat occupants in frontal crashes
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019
Jessica Jermakian, Marcy Edwards, Seth Fein, Matthew R. Maltese
In both data sets, the injured body regions most commonly documented were the chest, head, and abdomen. Serious chest injury was present in 22 NASS-CDS occupants, including 4 of 10 occupants ages 6 to 12 years, 11 of 19 occupants ages 13 to 54 years, and 7 of 7 occupants ages 55 years and older. The type and severity of chest injury differed by age: Children ages 6 to 12 years sustained lung contusions; occupants ages 13 to 54 years sustained lung contusions (6 cases), hemo/pneumothorax (8 cases), and rib fractures (4 cases); and occupants ages 55 and older sustained an average of 3 chest injuries each, including rib fractures (6 cases), hemo/pneumothorax (4 cases), lung contusions (4 cases), and heart or vessel damage (4 cases). Chest injuries were documented in 7 and 11 of the child and older occupant FARS cohorts, respectively.