China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Rapidly Changing Environment and Role of Microbiome in Restoring and Creating Sustainable Approaches
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
Manishankar Chakraborty, Udaya Kumar Vandana, Debayan Nandi, Lakkakula Satish, P.B. Mazumder
Plants reside in a close communication with the microbes equally above-and below-ground surface. Phyllosphere invokes to the over-ground levels or shoot parts of the plant which is the habitat for a variety of bacteria, fungi, and various other organisms (Wei et al., 2017; Chaudhary et al., 2017). Phyllosphere can be taken into consideration as temporary environment since most of the evergreen plants shed leaves throughout the year (Vorholt, 2012). Approximately 4 × 10 km on the earth is covered by the phyllosphere which is a home for around 10 bacteria (Wei et al., 2017; Kembel et al., 2014). Leaves are considered to be more influential aerial plant structure and are mostly focused on the study of microbiology of phyllosphere as compared to that of other parts in the phyllosphere.
Microbial Ecology
Published in Volodymyr Ivanov, Environmental Microbiology for Engineers, 2020
These interactions are common and often essential for plants. Epiphytic microorganisms live on aerial plant structures such as stems, leaves, and fruits. The habitat and microorganisms on the plant leaves is called the phyllosphere. Yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, for example, dominate in the phyllosphere. They receive carbohydrates and vitamins from the plant. High microbial activity occurs also in the soil surrounding the roots, called the rhizosphere. Organic compounds that stimulate heterotrophic microbes are excreted through the roots. Some fungi are integrated into the roots and contribute to plant mineral nutrition. This type of symbiotic interaction is called mycorrhizae. An example of mycorrhizae is the interaction between pine and fungi. Fungi integrated into the roots of pine contribute to plant mineral nutrition in exchange for a supply of organic nutrition from the plant.
Core Microbiome of Solanum Lycopersicum for Sustainable Agroecosystems
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
Anamika Chattopadhyay, G. Thiribhuvanamala
The second compartment for the residence of plant microbiome is the phyllosphere. It has fewer nutrients and a high species richness index compared to rhizosphere. Phyllosphere is the area that surrounds the leaf of plants. As it is exposed to the outside environment and comes in contact with air and various dust particles, phyllosphere is known to possess diverse microflora. and also, surface appendages, cuticles, and waxes help this microflora to adhere on the leaf surface. The survival, multiplication, and death of these microbes depend on the leaf exudates.
Antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils: Source, fate, mechanism and attenuation strategy
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Jinhua Wang, Lanjun Wang, Lusheng Zhu, Jun Wang, Baoshan Xing
In fact, antibiotic resistance transfers from soil to crops in soil-plant system mainly was driven by bacteria in plants (Cerqueira, Matamoros, Bayona, & Piña, 2019). Bacteria in plants can be associated to three major compartments, rhizosphere, endosphere and phyllosphere. Roots are likely influenced by the rhizospheric microbiome, whereas leaves and fruits include both endospheric and phyllospheric bacteria (Cerqueira, Matamoros, Bayona, & Piña, 2019). Evidence continues to emerge that rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere are hot spots of ARB and HTG (Wang, Qiao, et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2018). It was worth noting that root rhizosphere, one of the most complex ecosystems harboring diverse species of microbes, is considered as a reservoir of ARB and ARGs. Root endophytes can be recruited from common soil bacteria and survived in the interior of the root. The colonization and transmission of endophytes within plants could facilitate the dissemination of antibiotics, ARB and ARGs from the rhizosphere to plant tissues (Wang, Qiao, et al., 2015). It has been reported that phyllosphere bacteria also derive from the soil environment and the profile of phyllosphere microbiome are driven by the plant and soil environmental parameters. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that changes in soil bacterial community could drive the shifts of ARGs in phyllosphere (Chen, An, et al., 2018). However, unlike organic contaminants which can be taken up by many plant species, a better understanding is needed on how the ARGs transfer from the soil to plants. Moreover, how ARGs transfer in plants is highly complex and more work is required to offer exact mechanisms.