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Climate Change and Its Influence on Microbial Diversity, Communities, and Processes
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
Irteza Qayoom, Haika Mohi-Ud-Din, Aqsa Khursheed, Aashia Altaf, Suhaib A. Bandh
The anthropogenic climate change has led to the extinction of animal and plant species, biodiversity loss (Barnosky et al., 2011; Crist and Engelman, 2017; Johnson et al., 2017; Pecl et al., 2017; Cavicchioli et al., 2019) and land degradation. Although invisible to the naked eye, climate change also has a significant effect on microbes (Piffaretti et al., 2018). The impact of climate change on higher life forms has properly been studied and documented. However, on the contrary, discussions on climate change usually ignore the tiniest microscopic organisms (Cavicchioli et al., 2019), even though they play a significant role in nutrient cycling, energy flow, biodiversity, and total biomass of the ecosystems. It is due to the insufficient understanding that microbial activities are not considered adequately in most climate change models (Dupre, 2008; Dutta and Dutta, 2016). This is a significant oversight because microbial communities are generally the first responders to environmental perturbations and can either augment or buffer environmental shifts via, often complex, lively, and negative feedback loops (Labbate et al., 2016). Microorganisms hold a greater significance in the context of climate change as they play an essential role in biogeochemical processes like carbon and nitrogen cycle and act both as producers and consumers of GHGs, which in turn is responsible for the problem under debate (Microbiology Online, 2015; Dutta and Dutta, 2016). Besides this, microbes are central to the ecosystem functioning and also support higher life forms. Therefore, any changes in their diversity, abundance, or functional capacity will also affect the resilience of all other organisms and thus their ability to respond to any climatic eventuality (Maloy et al., 2016; Cavicchioli et al., 2019).
Microorganisms
Published in Volodymyr Ivanov, Environmental Microbiology for Engineers, 2020
Microbiology is a branch of biology devoted to the study of microorganisms (microbes), which include both unicellular and multicellular organisms. These microorganisms are not visible without the aid of a microscope because they are smaller than 70 μm (the resolution limit of human vision). There are many microbiological disciplines such as industrial microbiology, medical microbiology, veterinary microbiology, agricultural microbiology, and environmental microbiology, which are specified by their objects of study.
Introduction to Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
What are the main branches of biology? Botany, zoology, and microbiology. Botany is the scientific study of all aspects of plant kingdom. Zoology deals with all aspects of the animal kingdom. Microbiology deals with all aspects of the life of microbes, organisms invisible to the naked eye, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.
Technological development and patent analysis: the case of biopharmacy in the world and in Latin America
Published in Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 2022
Alejandro Barragán-Ocaña, Rubén Oliver-Espinoza, María del Pilar Longar-Blanco, Hortensia Gómez-Viquez
The new paradigm represented by the integration of the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology is a central element in the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic solutions and diagnostic applications that allow for innovative approaches and solutions to treat multiple diseases and ailments in which the pharmaceutical sector’s success has traditionally been limited. Remarkable scientific and technological advances have occurred over the past decades, and the transversality of biotechnology has allowed for a wide range of solutions in different areas such as health care, agriculture, food production, and environmental protection, among others. Additionally, advances in other disciplines such as microbiology, virology, genetics, and molecular biology, to name a few, have resulted in new medical applications based on the use of biotechnology that reveal important and unprecedented progress.
Potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using low active mosquitocidal Lysinibacillus sphaericus as novel antimicrobial agents
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Magda A. El-Bendary, Mohamed Abdelraof, Maysa E. Moharam, Elmahdy M. Elmahdy, Mousa A. Allam
The antimicrobial activities and MIC of each of Ls synthesized AgNPs and antibiotics (cephradine for bacteria and nizoarm for fungi) were tested against different pathogenic microorganisms. The tested microorganisms are Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25955, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Shigella dysenteriae), Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus NRRL), the yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) and the filamentous fungus (Aspergillus niger). They were obtained from Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. The bacterial strains were grown in NB at 37 ± 2 °C, while the fungal strains were cultivated in potato dextrose broth (PDB) (CONDA, Madrid, Spain) at 28 ± 2 °C.
Scientometric study of drinking water treatments technologies: Present and future challenges
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Lorgio G. Valdiviezo Gonzales, Fausto F. García Ávila, Rita J. Cabello Torres, Carlos A. Castañeda Olivera, Emigdio A. Alfaro Paredes
The search included document types such as articles and reviews from January 2010 until August 2020. In the WoS database, the categories included were: (a) Environmental Sciences, (b) Water Resources, (c) Engineering Environmental, (d) Engineering Chemical, (e) Chemistry Multidisciplinary, (f) Chemistry Analytical, (g) Engineering Civil, (h) Public Environmental Occupational Health, (i) Chemistry Organic, (j) Microbiology, (k) Environmental Studies, (l) Biotechnology Applied Microbiology, (m) Materials Science Multidisciplinary, (n) Multidisciplinary Sciences, (o) Electrochemistry, (p) Computer Science Artificial Intelligence, (q) Green Sustainable Science Technology, (r) Biochemical Research Methods, (s) Computer Science Information Systems, (t) Chemistry Applied, (u) Biochemistry Molecular Biology, (v) Nanoscience Nanotechnology, (w) Polymer Science, (x) Ecology, (y) Marine Freshwater Biology and (z) Engineering Multidisciplinary. Meanwhile, the subject areas included in the Scopus database were: (a) Environmental Science, (b) Chemistry, (c) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, (d) Engineering, (e) Agricultural and Biological Sciences, (f) Chemical Engineering, (g) Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, (h) Immunology and Microbiology, (i) Materials Science, (j) Earth and Planetary Sciences, (k) Energy, (l) Multidisciplinary and (m) Computer Science.