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Major Melt—Crucible Systems
Published in Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy, Metal–Crucible Interactions, 2023
A phosphate binder imparts good non-wetting properties to the refractory and does not decompose until temperatures >1500°C (Engel 2015). In brick, it can be incorporated into the mix itself prior to firing. In castables, it can be the bonding agent or supplement it, and in mouldables (plastics), it is the binder. Wollastonite (calcium silicate, CaSiO3) is not wetted by Al and has also been considered as an anti-wetting additive (Vikulin et al 2006) useful below 1125°C.
Contribution of Bioavailable Silicon in Human Health
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Total allowable concentrations of monomeric inorganic aluminum and hydrated aluminum silicates in drinking water have been determined.148 Hydrated aluminum silicates seldom cause medical problems unless the daily doses consumed are substantially greater than those used clinically or as dietary supplements. A NOAEL of 13 mg/kg/day as total aluminum can be identified based on histologic osteomalacia seen in adult hemodialysis patients given aluminum hydroxide for up to 7 years as a phosphate binder. A chronic NOAEL for montmorillonite as representative of the hydrated aluminum silicates was identified from the highest dietary concentration (20,000 ppm) fed in a 28-week bioassay with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Since young rats consume standard laboratory chow at ~23 g/day, this concentration corresponds to 56 mg aluminum/kg/day. Application of 3× interspecies uncertainty factor and a 3× factor to account for study duration results in a chronic oral reference dose of 6 mg aluminum/kg/day.148
Adhesives used in Building Structures
Published in V.Sh. Barbakadze, V.V. Kozlov, V.G. Mikul’skii, I.I. Nikolov, Durability of Building Structures and Constructions from Composite Materials, 2020
V.Sh. Barbakadze, V.V. Kozlov, V.G. Mikul’skii, I.I. Nikolov
The Institute added aluminochrome-phosphate binder AKhFS and organosilicon compounds such as ethyl silicate to adhesive compounds to improve their thermal stability, chemical stability and adhesive strength. Organosilicon compound GKZh-94 was added to improve the ability of adhesive compounds to fill gaps and to reduce internal stresses.
Thermal behavior of acidic and alkali activated laterite based geopolymer: a comparative study
Published in Geosystem Engineering, 2022
Raphael Belinga Essama Boum, Francois Mvondo Owono, Cyriaque Rodrigue Kaze, Juste Constant Essomba Essomba, Bakary Souleymanou, Juvenal Giogetti Deutou Nemaleu, Marie Joseph Ntamak-Nida
Figure 10 exhibits the micrographs of consolidated laterite using an acidic (Figures 9A and 9B) AS (Figure 9C,D) cured at 25°C. The micrographs of acidic geopolymer sample (CUPA) present a structure almost homogeneous than EMPA which exhibits some particles embedded within the binder phase. These particles are attributed to the unreacted particles during the geopolymerization reaction. Although the presence of fissure within the matrix of sample is consolidated with an AS, this sample gives high strength. The presence of fissures on this sample quite matches with previous studies using metakaolin, laterite and volcanic ash (Bewa et al., 2019; Djobo, Elimbi et al., 2020; Djobo, Stephan et al., 2020; Nobouassia Bewa et al., 2022). According to these authors, the formation of phosphate binder ensured a compact and dense structure which develops high mechanical property than sodium aluminosilicate binder. From literature, it is well known that a homogeneous structure gives a densified structure with better performance. In addition, these fissures could have occurred after the mechanical performance measurement because the collected debris were used for SEM analysis. Similar observation was reported by Kaze et al. (2022) who claimed that iron mineral plays an important role during the acid activation than in alkaline medium.
Critical review on lanthanum-based materials used for water purification through adsorption of inorganic contaminants
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Koh Yuen Koh, Yi Yang, J. Paul Chen
Lanthanum carbonate (LC) is another La compound with a good adsorption capacity for anions. It can be synthesized through a precipitation reaction with sodium bicarbonate and La salt (He et al., 2013). Lanthanum carbonate octahydrate with a high purity can be produced at low pH with a slow injection of the NaHCO3 solution to the La solution. The LC is commonly used as a phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia.
Characterisation and corrosion behaviour of WAP coating on 300M steel
Published in Surface Engineering, 2019
Feng Ding, Shuqin Li, Pingze Zhang, Dongbo Wei, Xiaohu Chen, Shiyuan Wang, Zhangzhong Wang
EDS patterns of the finishing layer for the selected grey–white area and dark grey area are shown in Figure 6. It was found that the grey–white area contained 35.1 wt-% Al and 15.98 wt-% P while the dark grey area contained 19.88 wt-% Al and 29.13 wt-% P. The results indicated that the grey–white area mainly consisted of aluminium powder embedded in phosphate binder, and the dark grey area was the phosphate binder.