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Microbial Biofilms-Aided Resistance and Remedies to Overcome It
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that reside within bacteria as lysogeny or infect to kill the host (Wu et al. 2015). They found ubiquitously wherever bacteria are present. They are used before the discovery of Fleming’s magic bullet, i.e., antibiotics (Kutter et al. 2015). Skin, wounds, and burn infections a house for ESKAPE pathogens used to be treated with bacteriophages. In 2006, the U.S. FDA has approved the use of phages in the packaging of meat and cheese to target foodborne pathogen Listeria. Other enteric pathogens such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio cholerae have also been targeted using phages (Kutter et al. 2015). There is now paucity in using phage therapy due to the lack of double-blind clinical trials.
Nanomedicine and Phage Capsids
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Philip Serwer, Elena T. Wright
As support for this pessimism, exhibit A is the current status of phage therapy of infectious disease. For phage therapy, the basics point in a clear direction (details [17]). In addition, going in this direction is supported by (1) historical [6, 7, 73] and present-day [16] examples of dramatic success of doing that and (2) recent development of technologies that should dramatically improve results, if deployed. These include technologies of computerized database use/phage storage/phage retrieval, in addition to updated procedures of phage isolation and characterization. Yet, few, if any, systematic attempts at implementation are being made. Phage therapy is performed on an ad hoc basis [16, 75], which slows implementation, sometimes to the point that it is too late.
Nanomedicine and Phage Capsids
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Philip Serwer, Elena T. Wright
As support for this pessimism, exhibit A is the current status of phage therapy of infectious disease. For phage therapy, the basics point in a clear direction (details [17]). In addition, going in this direction is supported by (1) historical [6, 7, 73] and present-day [16] examples of dramatic success of doing that and (2) recent development of technologies that should dramatically improve results, if deployed. These include technologies of computerized database use/phage storage/phage retrieval, in addition to updated procedures of phage isolation and characterization. Yet, few, if any, systematic attempts at implementation are being made. Phage therapy is performed on an ad hoc basis [16, 75], which slows implementation, sometimes to the point that it is too late.
The role of identified and characterized bacteriophage ZCEC13 in controlling pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in wastewater: in vitro study
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Samar Ragab, Shrouk Mohamed Gouda, Mohamed Abdelmoteleb, Ayman El-Shibiny
Bacteriophage (short form: Phage), bacteria-infecting virus, has gained a lot of interest in recent years as a selective bio-control agent over antibiotics and disinfectants because of its specificity; it can infect just the target pathogenic and resistant bacteria rather than all bacteria, and disturb the bacterial biofilm with limited inherent toxicities [23,24]. Although the environmental applications of phage therapy are still rare, the interest in phages has recently extended to include several applications in the wastewater treatment, including inhibition of ARB and mitigation of pathogenic bacteria responsible for forming biofilms or causing problematic corrosion and biofouling. The role of phages in treating harmful and MDR bacteria in WWTPs has been previously studied [25–28]. In addition, recent attempts have been exploited to develop treatments in phage-based technology to clean the wastewater effluent for reuse or safe discharge into the environment. These treatments are effective way to decrease the problems of environmental wastewater as they contribute to reduce the number of pathogenic and foaming bacteria in activated sludge plants [29,30].
Incorporating viruses into soil ecology: A new dimension to understand biogeochemical cycling
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Xiaolong Liang, Mark Radosevich, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Steven W. Wilhelm, Regan McDearis, Jie Zhuang
The effect of soil viruses on pathogenic bacteria has also gained increasing interests, as the dynamics of pathogens have a critical role in microbial ecology, soil health, and crop production (Chevallereau et al., 2022; Ye et al., 2019). Phage therapy was developed as an effective method for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in soil-plant systems. The lytic nature of phages directly controls pathogenic bacterial populations, and phage community, with the ability of triggering plant immune system, can also affect plant-microbe interactions and plant disease development (Skliros et al., 2023). Wang et al. (2019) proposed phage combination therapies for precisely controlling bacterial-caused plant diseases. Their experiments showed that increasing the diversity of phage combinations increased the biocontrol efficacy on Ralstonia solanacearum infection in tomato, while the rhizosphere microbiota was not affected by the phage therapy. Later studies by the same research team showed that phage communities were important in structuring the bacterial community in rhizosphere and interfering with soil suppressiveness (Yang et al., 2023).
The antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity of encapsulated silver nanoparticles in emulsions and its synergistic effect with E. coli bacteriophage
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Amera Elsayed, Anan Safwat, Abdallah S. Abdelsattar, Kareem Essam, Rana Nofal, Salsabil Makky, Ayman El-Shibiny
The current study supports the hypothesis of phage-AgNPs combinational therapy since the combined treatment enhanced the bactericidal activity of phage ZCEC5 by preventing secondary bacterial growth when compiled with minimal doses of nanoparticles. Respectively, the combination of nanoparticles with phage therapy as an alternative antibiotic represents a hot area of research due to their promising synergetic effect. Here, the prepared olive oil- emulsion-AgNPs displayed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity as it has a bactericidal effect against a panel of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Moreover, the AgNPs have a synergetic effect when combined with ZCEC5, which are biocompatible with each other. Further studies are needed to investigate why nanoparticles are compatible with some viruses while presenting antiviral effects against others. In addition, the cytotoxicity and biosafety of the phage- AgNPs combined approach needs further investigations to confirm its readiness for animal trials. The phage- AgNPs therapy might also have potentials in different applications including medical purposes, water purification, food preservation, and other commercial processes against a broad range of bacterial infections.