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Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Pelvic diaphragm muscles attach to the internal surfaces of the pelvis and form a concave “floor” of support for the lower torso organs. As part of that muscular sling, the sphincter muscles encircling the urethra and rectal canal actively control the elimination functions of the urinary and digestive systems (Figure 5.14). Other muscles originating deep within the pelvis are activated during reproductive system activities. The cremaster muscle, which surrounds the testes and contracts to elevate them within the scrotum is an example. The essential functions of these muscles were mentioned earlier in this chapter, but further details about these muscles are of limited importance for most wearable products. Products requiring in-depth anatomical knowledge of the pelvic diaphragm include: (a) pessaries worn for support for pelvic organ prolapse, (b) contraceptive devices—the diaphragm and cervical cap—worn over the cervix, and (c) tampons (MMPs). These products stay in place better when the wearer has a strong pelvic diaphragm.
The transvaginal mesh: an overview of indications and contraindications for its use
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Alessandro Ferdinando Ruffolo, Marine Lallemant, Sophie Delplanque, Michel Cosson
Although PFMT can improve POP stage I and stage II according to the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system, its efficacy is limited in advanced stages (III and IV degree) [45]. Two options are available for advanced POP: a conservative treatment by vaginal pessaries or a surgical approach. In post-menopausal women, vaginal pessaries con be associated with the administration of local estrogens. Even if an elevated body mass index (BMI) has been indicated as a risk factor for POP, weight loss is not associated with improvement of prolapse but only of UI [46]. Surgical treatment for POP can be proposed in case of failure of conservative management. Choosing the best surgical procedure to treat POP involves several factors. Indeed, surgeons should consider different aspects of POP surgery, such as the possibility to adopt a reconstructive or an obliterative approach, to perform a concomitant hysterectomy or a concomitant anti-incontinence procedure, to choose the vaginal or the abdominal surgical route and the possibility to use or not synthetic meshes.