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Biomaterials and Immune Response in Periodontics
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Sivaraman Prakasam, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Christopher Louie, Clarence Lee, Luiz E. Bertassoni
Periodontics is a specialty of dentistry that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases and peri-implant diseases. In addition, periodontists, the dental specialty practitioners of periodontics, perform other surgical procedures, examples of which include placement of dental implants and soft tissue surgical procedures, which enhance dental aesthetics and function. The term periodontium describes the supporting structures of a tooth. It includes the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.1 The gingiva is the outermost soft tissue layer that surrounds a tooth. The cementum is a calcified hard tissue deposit on the tooth surface, which allows periodontal ligament fibre insertion. The periodontal ligament is a well-organised fibrous structure that anchors the teeth through the cementum to the underlying alveolar bone. The alveolar bone is the supporting bone that surrounds the teeth.1 The periodontium, particularly the gingiva, protects the underlying tissues by acting as a barrier against the harsh external environment of the oral cavity. It not only acts as a physical barrier, but has a robust innate and adaptive immune mechanism that provides a dynamic biological barrier.
Introduction to Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
María Verónica Cuevas González, Eduardo Villarreal-Ramírez, Adriana Pérez-Soria, Pedro Alberto López Reynoso, Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
The periodontium involves all the tissues that are surrounding and supporting the tooth, and can be divided into union tissues composed by the Root Cementum (RC), Alveolar Bone (AB) and periodontal ligament (PDL), and dentogingival tissues (Posnick and Posnick 2014). The periodontium is composed of dynamic tissues because it is a mixed combination of mineralized and soft tissue that makes the periodontium a complex tissue in the field of dental tissue engineering and a challenge for the strategies in its regeneration for the mixed-function development.
Parameter identification for the simulation of the periodontal ligament during the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Albert Heinrich Kaiser, Ludger Keilig, Reinhard Klein, Christoph Bourauel
The periodontium is a compound of several tissues that support the teeth. It includes the gingiva, the cementum, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone proper. According to Hand and Frank (2015), ‘The periodontal ligament attaches the tooth root to alveolar bone, and it serves to absorb and resist the forces of occlusion on the tooth. It consists of collagenous fiber bundles… Interstitial areas containing loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves are present between the fiber bundles in the periodontal ligament. These interstitial areas are continuous with openings through the alveolar bone (Volkmann’s canals) to the marrow spaces of the alveolar process.’