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Fuzzy Systems in Medicine and Healthcare
Published in Ashish Mishra, G. Suseendran, Trung-Nghia Phung, Soft Computing Applications and Techniques in Healthcare, 2020
Deepak K. Sharma, Sakshi, Kartik Singhal
Fuzzy expert system (FES) methods are known to yield better diagnosis and treatment results than traditional methods. The decision of the fuzzy system design is followed by the formulation of the ‘if-then’ rules. Using the Mandini approach as an output mechanism and Mamdani max-min rule to formulate the validity degree for each rule, the input variables in the designed FES are as follows: Gingival index: Ranging from 0–3 gi, its application lies in the examination of gingival health.Alveolar bone loss: Ranging between 0–9mm, its application lies in measuring bone loss.Probing pocket depth: Ranging between 0–8mm, its application lies in measuring tissue loss.Mobility(MB): Ranging between 0–3mm, its application lies in measuring dental activity.Attachment loss (AL): Ranging between 0–9 units, its application lies in measuring the fibre loss connecting gingival to bone
Biomaterials and Immune Response in Periodontics
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Sivaraman Prakasam, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Christopher Louie, Clarence Lee, Luiz E. Bertassoni
Periodontics is a specialty of dentistry that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases and peri-implant diseases. In addition, periodontists, the dental specialty practitioners of periodontics, perform other surgical procedures, examples of which include placement of dental implants and soft tissue surgical procedures, which enhance dental aesthetics and function. The term periodontium describes the supporting structures of a tooth. It includes the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.1 The gingiva is the outermost soft tissue layer that surrounds a tooth. The cementum is a calcified hard tissue deposit on the tooth surface, which allows periodontal ligament fibre insertion. The periodontal ligament is a well-organised fibrous structure that anchors the teeth through the cementum to the underlying alveolar bone. The alveolar bone is the supporting bone that surrounds the teeth.1 The periodontium, particularly the gingiva, protects the underlying tissues by acting as a barrier against the harsh external environment of the oral cavity. It not only acts as a physical barrier, but has a robust innate and adaptive immune mechanism that provides a dynamic biological barrier.
Tissue Fabrication and Regeneration by Cell Sheet Technology
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Yuji Haraguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masayuki Yamato, Teruo Okano
Periodontitis is inflammation of the gums and gingival pocket areas by bacterial infection and is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Once those tissues are damaged, the tissues are unable to be restored to their original form. Additionally, recent investigates show that periodontitis is also associated with several systemic disorders.114,115–116 In the authors’ laboratory, cell sheet therapy for curing periodontitis has been developed, and cell sheets, which are prepared from periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues, have been applied to various PDL-defective animal models.116,117,118,119,120,121–122 The safety and efficacy of PDL cell sheet therapy have been confirmed by animal experiments, and preclinical studies and a clinical study with autologous PDL cell sheets for periodontal tissue regeneration have also started since 2012.123
Therapeutic Effects and Uses of Ozone in Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Saad Liaqat, Samia Tariq, Irum Hayat, Bakhtawar Mobeen, Sarmad Fayyaz, Humaira Jabeen, Saira Khalid, Nawshad Muhammad, Muhammad Adnan Khan
Ozone in combination with fluoride desensitizer is indicated for hypersensitive dentin treatment (Raafat Abdelaziz, Mosallam, Yousry 2011). Ozone therapy with a combination of Nano hydroxyapatite gel produces a significant effect on the remineralization of enamel (Grocholewicz et al. 2020). Ozone application decreases micro tensile bond strength between composite resin and dentin if it is used before etching (Rodrigues, Souza, Soares, Lopes, Estrela 2011). According to a study conducted for assessment of the pain-relieving properties of ozone and diode laser, the ozone itself does not cause relief in pain while the diode laser decreases the pain threshold (Matys et al. 2020). Ozone application in orthodontic patients, having gingival inflammation, produces effective results in decreasing the inflammation of the gingiva (Dhingra and Vandana 2011). A study conducted on the effects of ozone on plaque showed the effectiveness of ozone in decreasing the amount of plaque microbial load but is not effective in the total elimination of plaque (Krunić et al. 2019). Application of topical gaseous ozone and laser were evaluated on a plaque that depicted that ozone produced antimicrobial effects (Yilmaz et al. 2013). Ozone did not yield any significant effects in non-surgical periodontal treatments (Al Habashneh, Alsalman, Khader 2015).
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Oral lichen planus is another variant of oral mucosal allergy. Similar to allergic contact stomatitis, lichenoid reactions also emerge as a result of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses following local contact with antigen; however, this disease is associated with a distinctive pattern of clinical presentations. Oral lichen planus involves selective inflammation of the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva and the corresponding development of plaque-like, papular, or erosive lesions (Lavanya et al. 2011). Specific metals associated with oral lichen planus include tin, silver, Cu,, manganese (Mn), Cr, and Pd; however, Au is the metal most often implicated in lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa (Downey 1989; Finne, Göransson, and Winckler 1982; Gil et al. 2019; Gupta and Jawanda 2015; Laeijendecker and Van Joost 1994; Minciullo et al. 2016; Mizoguchi, Setoyama, and Kanzaki 1998; Ortiz‐Ruiz, Ramírez‐Espinosa, and López‐Jornet 2006; Sockanathan, Setterfield, and Wakelin 2003; Vergara et al. 2004).
Additive manufactured titanium for prosthetic application in dentistry: surface topography characterization and in vitro cellular response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs)
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
M. J. Crenn, A. Benoit, G. Rohman, T. Guilbert, C. Chaussain, O. Fromentin, J. P. Attal, C. Bardet
We previously showed that SLM manufactured Ti6Al4V fulfilled the mechanical requirements of the ISO 22674 standard related to the manufacturing of prosthetic parts in dentistry (Crenn et al. 2018). However, this process modifies surface properties and topography (Benedetti et al. 2017) which are essential parameters affecting gingiva reaction (Nikkhah et al. 2012) and plaque retention (Subramani et al. 2009). Since abutments, overdenture and implants bars are in direct contact with the gingiva, their surface are highly polished in order to limit bacteria accumulation responsible for gingiva inflammation (Bollen et al. 1997). This final polishing step is usually performed by a dental technician before clinical application.