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Nanopharmaceuticals in Alveolar Bone and Periodontal Regeneration
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Mark A. Reynolds, Zeqing Zhao, Michael D. Weir, Tao Ma, Jin Liu, Hockin H. K. Xu, Abraham Schneider
The periodontium is comprised of alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and gingiva (Bottino et al. 2012; Sowmya et al. 2013). Cementum and alveolar bone are mineralised tissues. PDL is a fibrous tissue that attaches the root cementum of a tooth to the host alveolar bone (Liu et al. 2019). Periodontal disease is initiated by pathogenic bacteria, which triggers an inflammatory response. Inflammation of the gingiva without clinical evidence of breakdown of the periodontium is considered reversible and characteristic of gingivitis. Periodontitis, however, involves an irreversible breakdown of the connective tissue attachment to the root of the tooth and alveolar bone resorption, attributable primarily to the immune and inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens. Progressive periodontal destruction results in tooth mobility (loose teeth) and tooth loss. In nearly 50% of adults, the host response to oral bacteria leads to periodontitis, with progressive destruction of tooth-supporting apparatus. Severe periodontitis is relatively prevalent, affecting as many as 8–15% of the entire global population (Frencken et al. 2017). Moreover, alveolar bone loss and periodontal defects due to congenital birth defects, traumatic injury, tumours, and other infectious conditions may lead to the need for alveolar bone reconstruction, periodontal regeneration, or both. Indeed, alveolar bone defects have been associated with a decrease in the health and quality of life for millions of people (Bottino et al. 2012).
Optimization and Dose Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial Imaging
Published in Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico, Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging, 2018
Periodontal disease (Newman 2014) is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory/infectious process, which affects the gingiva (gums) and alveolar bone that support the teeth. The patient’s immune and inflammatory response to microbes, particularly subgingival microbes, is a key to the severity and progression of periodontal disease, and periodontal disease has been shown to have associations with the overall health of the patient. Inflammatory periodontal disease begins in the gingival tissues and spreads progressively into the tooth-supporting periodontal ligament and alveolar bone where it becomes the destructive form of periodontal disease, called periodontitis. This can ultimately lead to irreversible bone loss and subsequent tooth loss. Moderate periodontal diseases affect a majority of adults greater than 50 years or age, and severe periodontitis effects 5%–15% of adults (NIH 2017). Factors known to increase susceptibility to and severity of periodontal disease include smoking, diabetes mellitus, some anti-seizure medications, anti-cancer drugs, oral contraceptives, and some calcium channel blockers (NIH 2017).
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Febe Carolina Vázquez Vázquez, Jael Adrián Vergara-Lope Núñez, Juan José Montesinos, Patricia González-Alva
Periodontal diseases are a group of infectious diseases that are characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, such as, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone and gingiva (Seo et al. 2004). Considered as the leading cause of tooth loss, periodontal diseases represent a public health burden worldwide (Holmstrup et al. 2017).
Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hao Cui, Yan You, Guo-Wang Cheng, Zhou Lan, Ke-Long Zou, Qiu-Ying Mai, Yan-Hua Han, Hao Chen, Yu-Yue Zhao, Guang-Tao Yu
Antibacterial and osteogenesis are therapeutic strategies for periodontal disease. However, due to the particularity of disease treatment, the design of periodontal antibacterial or osteoblast materials is different from that of dental diseases. In particular, periodontal antibacterial therapy is closely related to the oral microenvironment. In order to avoid the imbalance of oral flora, we need to improve the stability and local retention effect of periodontal antibacterial materials. Due to its viscoelasticity, hydrogel is a traditional drug carrier widely used for the injection of periodontal antibiotics, while the new carrier similar to the micronedle patch is more suitable for mucosal local immunotherapy of periodontal soft tissue. For periodontal tissue engineering, various forms of scaffolds have been developed one after another, and have demonstrated good bone formation ability. However, the research and development process of scaffolds still needs to consider the difficulty of clinical operation, and finally be applied in clinical practice.
A new Ni(II)-based coordination complex: crystal structure and anti-biofilm activity against P. gingivalis during periodontal diseases
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Xu Shu, Zhi-Bin Meng, Jin-Yao Zhu, Ying Dai
Defined as pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, periodontitis is usually caused by specific bacterial pathogens and destructive immune responses.[1] The risk factors of periodontal diseases included indicated oral flora, environmental factors (such as smoking, stress, and diet), as well as host factors (e.g., immune system and genetic factors). The most common bacterial pathogen is Porphyromonas. gingivalis (P. gingivalis). P. gingivalis is a kind of Gram-negative oral anaerobe, which could produce bacterial biofilm and embed themselves in the subgingival plaques located in the tooth root.[2] The biofilm produced by P. gingivalis could protect itself be recognized and eliminated by the host immune systems and a continue inflammatory responses in this infectious site.[3] Although antimicrobial therapy has been shown to be efficient in killing planktonic pathogenic bacteria, but it could hardly influence the survival of the bacterial existed under the biofilms, which also increased the difficulty of the common antibiotics during clinic treatment. So, this research, we aimed to explore new compounds with excellent anti-biofilm formation activity against P. gingivalis and reveal the specific mechanism.
Living and dying on the edge of the Empire: a bioarchaeological examination of Otago’s early European settlers
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2022
Hallie Ruth Buckley, Phillip Roberts, Rebecca Kinaston, Peter Petchey, Charlotte King, Kate Domett, Anne Marie Snoddy, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith
All the men had evidence for pipe facets and one of the two women (B6) also displayed pipe facets on her teeth. Smoking is a major risk factor associated with chronic destructive periodontal disease (Bergström 2004), though it is also associated with a number of genetic and environmental factors. However, with the ubiquitous tobacco use at SJM, it is likely that both tobacco smoking and tartar build-up from diet and poor oral hygiene influenced disease progression.