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Tissue Structure and Function
Published in Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee, Building Tissues, 2018
Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue that is composed of collagen fibers or elastic fibers and contains cells called chondrocytes. The fibers and cells are embedded in a firm gel-like ground substance called the matrix that is mainly made up of PGs. It is enclosed in a dense connective tissue called the perichondrium. The perichondrium is a dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all cartilage, except the cartilage in joints, which is covered by a synovial membrane. Cartilage is an avascular tissue so cellular nutrients are diffused through the matrix. This makes sense because structurally cartilage usually subjected to lots of stress. If the tissue was rich with blood vessels they would become damaged, leading to tearing and clotting.
Collagen of porcine auricle has unique biochemical and biophysical characteristics
Published in Soft Materials, 2019
Kenji Ishi, Hiroko Hoshi, Mina Takahashi, Koji Kitagawa, Masataka Hoshi, Norihiro Kawaguchi
Lastly, we showed that PAC-A had superior biological function. The cell proliferation of FRSK increased when cultured on plates coated with dermal and auricular type I collagen compared with uncoated plates. In addition, slides coated with PAC-A showed greater FRSK cell proliferation than slides coated with dermal type I collagen. Fibroblasts also showed similarly increased cell proliferation when coated with PAC-A in a slide chamber. It has been reported that auricular cartilage has unique potential in stem cell research (6–8). The cartilage of the ears is made up of two layers: the stratum fibrosum of the outer layer and the stratum cellular of the inner layer. The perichondrium, which surrounds the cartilage, contains progenitor cells capable of differentiating into chondroblasts (9). In contrast to cartilage tissue, the perichondrium is vascularized. The progenitor cells within the perichondrium proliferate faster than mature chondrocytes and can differentiate into other mesenchymal tissues under defined conditions (6,8). Human auricular perichondrium harbors a unique cell population that consists of cartilage stem and progenitor cells (9) and expresses collagens. The reason why PAC-A is promotes cell proliferation not shown yet, but the fibrillogenesis and viscoelasticity of PAC-A may stimulate cartilage stem and progenitor cells and be related to functions as perichondrocyte matrix.