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Dental Implant Infection: Typical Causes and Control
Published in Huiliang Cao, Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Devices, 2017
The prevalence of peri-implantitis varied depending on the bone loss threshold or probing depth threshold used for case diagnosis, because of the considerable variations in diagnostic criteria of peri-implant diseases in the published literature (Lang and Berglundh 2011). A most recent systematic review on the epidemiology of peri-implant diseases has demonstrated an ‘estimated weighted mean prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis of 43% and 22%, respectively’ (Derks and Tomasi 2015). In order to prevent and treat peri-implantitis, various clinical protocols have been proposed, including mechanical debridement, the use of antiseptics and local or systemic antibiotics, as well as surgical access and regenerative procedures (Heitz-Mayfield and Mombelli 2014). However, there is no reliable evidence that can help recommend the most effective intervention for treating peri-implantitis (Esposito et al. 2012). No established and predictable concepts for the treatment of peri-implantitis are available; prevention is of key importance. The management of peri-implant mucositis is one of the most cost-effective preventive measures for the onset of peri-implantitis (Jepsen et al. 2015). Bacteria plaque control is becoming the primary objective, since plaque accumulation is the main etiological factor that causes peri-implant mucositis (Renvert and Polyzois 2015b; Schwarz et al. 2014).
Recent Advances of Alginate Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Aisverya Soundararajan, Marine Polysaccharides, 2018
Jayachandran Venkatesan, Sukumaran Anil, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Se-Kwon Kim
Dental bone tissue engineering is similar to bone tissue engineering, and the utilisation of alginate in dental tissue regeneration is increasing. Recently, Davillard et al. (2017) developed a collagen–alginate–stem cell composite scaffold for endontics regeneration. MSCs were differentiated and formed an osseous ECM [108]. Peri-implantitis is one of the common inflammatory problems in dental implantology. Silver lactate containing an RGD-coupled alginate hydrogel scaffold with stem cells was developed. The developed scaffold showed good antimicrobial properties against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a dose-dependent manner. Osteogenic mineralisation of stem cells in the scaffold was measured by mineral matrix deposition [109].
Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hao Cui, Yan You, Guo-Wang Cheng, Zhou Lan, Ke-Long Zou, Qiu-Ying Mai, Yan-Hua Han, Hao Chen, Yu-Yue Zhao, Guang-Tao Yu
The primary material used for implants is titanium, a metal with good biocompatibility. It has the disadvantage of not having antibacterial properties, and bacteria tend to collect and adhere to its surface, leading to infection problems [214]. Peri-implantitis is often the leading cause of implant failure. The antibacterial ability of nanomaterials can also be applied in implants. One idea is to use materials or drugs with antibacterial ability to prepare a coating and modify it onto the implant surface to achieve an excellent antibacterial effect [215]. For example, ZnNPs were prepared as a coating and modified on the implant surface, and the results showed a significant reduction in the number of parthenogenic anaerobic bacteria and streptococci in the medium within 96 hours in an in vitro test compared to implants without the modified coating [121]. In addition, Wang et al. synthesized ZnO nanorods and ZnO nanorods using the hydrothermal method. Then ZnO nanorods were first covered with Ti surface, and finally, ZnNPs and ZnO nanorods were modified as the outermost layer. This coating can rapidly release ZnO nanorods, and the continuous release of ZnO nanorods can achieve a dual antibacterial effect [122]. In addition, the nano-cerium oxide (CeO NPs) coating application was shown to reduce the average gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in per titanium tissues, resulting in a powerful anti-inflammatory effect [123].
Biomaterial engineering surface to control polymicrobial dental implant-related infections: focusing on disease modulating factors and coatings development
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Samuel S. Malheiros, Bruna E. Nagay, Martinna M. Bertolini, Erica D. de Avila, Jamil A. Shibli, João Gabriel S. Souza, Valentim A. R. Barão
Thus, an implant with ideal prosthetic restoration and no mechanical complications can still fail after many years in function if polymicrobial biofilms accumulate around its surface and are not controlled. According to the Consensus report on the Classification of Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions of 2017, polymicrobial pathogenic biofilms colonizing dental implant surfaces will trigger inflammatory processes on the surrounding implant mucosa leading to peri-implant mucositis. In addition, peri-implantitis, which is caused by a local persistent inflammatory process, develops as a result of a progressive loss of supportive bone around the implant [8–10]. Importantly, once exposed to the oral environment, dental implants are immediately coated by salivary and plasma proteins [11,12], modulated by the surface’s chemical and physical properties. Once this happens, oral microorganisms can adhere to the receptors from saliva and plasma through specific and nonspecific mechanisms and initiate microbial accumulation with a well-structured and complex 3D architecture protected by its extracellular matrix [13]. Taken together, the complex rough micro and macro geometry of dental implants associated with polymicrobial biofilm embedded in its matrix creates an environment that favors bacterial co-aggregation and biofilm development, which is the biggest challenge for treatment [13,14]. Due to the absence of well-defined and largely accepted clinical parameters to define peri-implantitis over the past few years, before the 2017 consensus report, the prevalence of peri-implantitis has been reported as extremely variable, depending on the criteria used [15–17], ranging between 31.3% to 56.6% at patient-level in a cross-sectional study [18] and 4% to 40% on critical reviews [15,19].
Ozonated Water Promotes in vitro Decontamination of Dental Implants Surface
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Renato Bitencourt Rosado, Eder José Cruz, Thainá Pinheiro de Souza, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Mariana Aparecida Lopes Ortiz, Samira Salmeron
These inflammatory processes that involve the tissues around implants are defined as peri-implant diseases that occur in response to biofilm cumulation on the surface (Lindhe, Meyle and D. of European Workshop on Periodontology Group 2008; Heitz-Mayfield and Salvi 2018; Schwarz et al. 2018). Peri-implantitis stands out among peri-implant diseases for being an irreversible condition characterized by an inflammatory response from soft tissues around implants with subsequent and progressive bone loss (Schwarz et al. 2018).