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Phyto constituent-Centered Byproducts and Nanomedicines as Leishmanicidal Scavengers
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Sabya Sachi Das, P. R. P. Verma, Sandeep Kumar Singh
The drugs comprising antimony (pentavalent antimonials) as a principal component are primarily the drugs of choice as anti-leishmanial drugs (ALD) for first line cure of Leishmaniasis where confrontation has not been stated (Singh et al., 2006). These comprise of the generic sodium stibogluconate (pentostam, Figure 5.3), the branded meglumine antimoniate, which is been in practice for over five decades. Unfortunately, the Leishmania protozoal parasites have been progressively developed the resistance to these pentavalent antimonial drugs and hence this raised a question for their usage in disease-endemic extents (Maltezou, 2010). Since, these antimonials are directed intravenously (I.V) or intramuscularly (I.M), they are not suitable for patients. They are also concomitant with adverse reactions, which include biochemical pancreatitis, elevation in serum aminotransferases level, and electro-cardiographic oddities (Polonio and Efferth, 2010).
Four new cycloartane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Combretum mellifluum Eichler: assessment of their antioxidant and antileishmanial activities
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Jaelson Santos Silva, Éverton Leandro França Ferreira, Amanda Maciel Lima, Ruth Raquel Soares de Farias, Bruno Quirino Araújo, José Carlos Quilles Junior, Rodolfo Ritchelle Lima Santos, Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho, Mahendra Rai, Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior, Mariana Helena Chaves
Pentavalent antimonials (Sbv) have been used for a long period as a standard treatment for leishmaniasis, but its efficacy is markedly variable taking into consideration considered different Leishmania species and geographic regions (Chakravarty and Sundar 2010; Friedrich et al. 2012). Other drawbacks include a need for prolonged period of treatment and induction of several adverse consequences (Chávez-Fumagalli et al. 2015). As a neglected disease, some second-choice drugs have been applied to treat leishmaniasis including miltefosine and amphotericin B, originally developed for cancer treatment and antifungal purposes, respectively (Wyllie et al. 2012). However, several side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, fever, and myocarditis have limited the use and efficiency of these drugs in leishmaniasis patients (Ghorbani and Farhoudi 2018).