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A Patent Landscape of the Emerging Nanomolecules for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis
Published in Chetan Keswani, Intellectual Property Issues in Nanotechnology, 2020
Priyanka Gautam, Abhishek Pathak, Sandeep Kumar Singh
A protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania causes a vector-borne disease, leishmaniasis, which is prevalent in more than 98 countries at present. Out of 53 described species of Leishmania parasites, 20 are known to cause human pathogenesis that are spread by approximately 30 species of sand flies (Torres-Guerrero et al., 2017). The infection of Leishmania in the human may produce three clinical manifestations, i.e. cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (MCL), and visceral (VL) leishmaniasis, which differ in their immunopathology, degree of morbidity, and mortality. Between 12 and 15 million people in the world are infected, and 350 million are at risk of acquiring the disease. An estimated 1.5 to 2 million new cases occur each year, and it causes 70,000 deaths per year.
Microwaves in Lactam Chemistry
Published in Banik Bimal Krishna, Bandyopadhyay Debasish, Advances in Microwave Chemistry, 2018
Dr. Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Bimal Krishna Banik
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) factsheet, seventeen diseases are considered as neglected tropical diseases (NTD) [98, 99], since they occur mostly in tropical and developing countries in Africa, South America, and Asia. On the other hand, leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries, 72 of which are developing countries. There are three main forms of leishmaniasis – visceral (often known as kala-azar and the most serious form of the disease), cutaneous (the most common), and mucocutaneous. Leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania parasites (about 20 species) which are transmitted by the bite of infected sand-flies. The disease mainly affects low-income populations suffering from malnutrition and the associated weak immunity and an estimated 1.3 million new cases and 20000 to 30000 deaths occur annually [100]. In the search for new and novel antileishmanial drugs, selected hydrocarbon-stapled peptides were prepared through solid-phase synthesis protocol and optimized through ring-closing metathesis reactions under microwave irradiation [101].
Phyto constituent-Centered Byproducts and Nanomedicines as Leishmanicidal Scavengers
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Sabya Sachi Das, P. R. P. Verma, Sandeep Kumar Singh
Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the most neglected parasitic disease chiefly caused by Leishmania (protozoan parasites) whose transmission and spreading to human beings is assisted through the infected female phleboto-mine sandflies bite. The pathology of this disease primarily takes three chief forms: VL (kala-azar), CL, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) (http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs375/en, accessed on 18 October, 2017).
Four new cycloartane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Combretum mellifluum Eichler: assessment of their antioxidant and antileishmanial activities
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Jaelson Santos Silva, Éverton Leandro França Ferreira, Amanda Maciel Lima, Ruth Raquel Soares de Farias, Bruno Quirino Araújo, José Carlos Quilles Junior, Rodolfo Ritchelle Lima Santos, Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho, Mahendra Rai, Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior, Mariana Helena Chaves
Pentavalent antimonials (Sbv) have been used for a long period as a standard treatment for leishmaniasis, but its efficacy is markedly variable taking into consideration considered different Leishmania species and geographic regions (Chakravarty and Sundar 2010; Friedrich et al. 2012). Other drawbacks include a need for prolonged period of treatment and induction of several adverse consequences (Chávez-Fumagalli et al. 2015). As a neglected disease, some second-choice drugs have been applied to treat leishmaniasis including miltefosine and amphotericin B, originally developed for cancer treatment and antifungal purposes, respectively (Wyllie et al. 2012). However, several side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, fever, and myocarditis have limited the use and efficiency of these drugs in leishmaniasis patients (Ghorbani and Farhoudi 2018).
Optimization of the 503 antigen induction strategy of Leishmania infantum chagasi expressed in Escherichia coli M15
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Luan Tales Costa de Paiva Vasconcelos, Marcos Antônio Oliveira Filho, Vitor Troccoli Ribeiro, Jaciara Silva de Araújo, Francisco Canindé de Sousa Junior, Daniella Regina Arantes Martins, Everaldo Silvino dos Santos
Leishmaniosis comprises a complex of diseases with enormous clinical and epidemiological diversity caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania.[1] American visceral leishmaniosis (AVL) is the most severe form of the disease and can be fatal, if left untreated,[2] presenting as an infectious disease in 75 countries.[3] Approximately, 900,000–1.3 million new cases of the disease are estimated to occur annually, with approximately 20,000–30,000 deaths related worldwide. Thus, due to the expansion of the human population into jungle regions, is estimated that 350 million people are at risk of contracting any form of the disease.[4] However, there is no vaccine capable of preventing Leishmaniosis in humans nowadays and the available drugs are toxic and costly.[5] Despite advances in this subject, and different techniques for the diagnosis of Leishmaniosis, there is not yet a test that has a sensitivity of 100% for the detection of the AVL. There is a complex analysis, identifying the parasite through parasitological tests, since the symptoms are also mistaken with other diseases such as malaria, Chagas disease, tuberculosis, among others.
Volumetric monitoring of cutaneous leishmaniasis ulcers: can camera be as accurate as laser scanner?
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
Omar Zenteno, Eduardo González, Sylvie Treuillet, Braulio M. Valencia, Benjamin Castaneda, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Yves Lucas
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease which poses a major health problem affecting 12 millions of people worldwide. One of the most common forms of leishmaniasis and a frequent cause of consultation in tropical areas is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which usually produces ulcers on the exposed parts of the body. However, the healing monitoring of ulcers is normally limited to periodic visual evaluation of skin inflammation and ulcer dimensions, which may be affected by inter-operator variability (Little et al. 2009; Jørgensen et al. 2016). Moreover, the lack of dermatological specialists delays proper diagnosis and therapy. In addition, due to the volumetric nature of the healing process, 3D modelling capabilities could be essential for a better treatment understanding.