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Novel RNA Interference (RNAi)-Based Nanomedicines for Treating Viral Infections
Published in Dan Peer, Handbook of Harnessing Biomaterials in Nanomedicine, 2021
Nyree Maes, Skye Zeller, Priti Kumar
Globally, RSV is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections with an estimated 33.5 million new episodes and 199,000 deaths in children under five in 2005 [93]. Currently there are only two FDA- approved drugs for the treatment of RSV, a monoclonal antibody Palivizumab for use in high-risk infants and Ribavirin for severe infections though not recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics due to the limited evidence of benefit, high cost, and potential toxic effects [35]. RSV is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family with a negative sense single stranded RNA genome encoding 10 viral proteins. Of these, the G glycoprotein distinguishes the two antigenic subgroups, RSV-A and RSV-B, within the RSV serotype. The virus replicates in the outermost layer of the respiratory epithelium that lines the human respiratory tract that is easily accessible to nasally applied naked siRNA [10]. RNAi is therefore an option for RSV treatment.
Deadly Canine Distemper: A Global Multispecies Disease
Published in Moayad N. Khalaf, Michael Olegovich Smirnov, Porteen Kannan, A. K. Haghi, Environmental Technology and Engineering Techniques, 2020
V. Naveenkumar, K. Porteen, M. Vijaya Bharathi, B. S. Pradeep Nag
Morbilliviruses belong to the family Paramyxoviridae includes various pathogenic viruses, that is, measles virus, rinderpest virus, CDV, and Pestedes-petits-ruminants virus which causes devastating disease in both humans and animals (Beineke et al., 2015). CDV is a short-lived virus in the environment and can survive at a lower temperature (e.g., 48 h at 25°C and 14 days at 5°C) (Shen and Gorham, 1980; Deem et al., 2000). CDV is an enveloped virus and can also easily be destroyed by heat, drying, and disinfectants (Sykes, 2013). The phylogenetic association of phocine distemper virus (PDV) and CDV revealed that PDV emerged from the CDV several thousands of years ago by contact with terrestrial carnivores (Barret, 1999).
The measles epidemic model assessment under real statistics: an application of stochastic optimal control theory
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Peijiang Liu, Rukhsar Ikram, Amir Khan, Anwarud Din
Measles is an extremely widespread pulmonary disorder transmitted by a Paramyxoviridae virus (Yanagi et al. 2006; Griffin 2016). High body temperature, sneezing, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, Koplik’s patches, and maculopapular rashes are some of the diagnostic signs. The gestation duration for measles is 10–14 days, and exposed individuals normally recover without difficulties after three weeks of sickness. Malnutrition or vitamin A insufficiency, on the other hand, puts people at risk for diarrhea, pneumonia, ear infections, cataracts, and brain damage (Perry and Halsey 2004).