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Pulmonary complications of bone-marrow and stem-cell transplantation
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Bekele Afessa, Andrew D Badley, Steve G Peters
Parainfluenza accounts for 10–30 per cent of respiratory virus infections in HSCT recipients.19,21,24 Pneumonia is reported to develop in between 20 and 70 per cent of HSCT recipients with parainfluenza infection and is more common in allogeneic recipients.35,36 There is no specific therapy for parainfluenza infection. The mortality rate associated with parainfluenza infection ranges between 0 and 40 per cent.24,35,36 The mortality rate is higher in allogeneic recipients.35
Atmospheric environment and severe acute respiratory infections in Nanjing, China, 2018–2019
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Kang-Jun Wu, Xiao-Qing Wu, Lei Hong
SARI accounts for a huge disease burden globally, with 1.19–1.64 million cases of infants and children (<5 years old) admitted to hospitals for severe acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) worldwide in 2010 (Nair et al. 2013). The etiology of SARI consists of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (IV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human parainfluenza virus (hPIV), adenovirus (AdV), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), and Haemophilus influenzae (Hi). All types of SARI-associated pathogens show high prevalence worldwide. The annual number of cases of infants and children with RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection (RSV-ALRI) ranges from 1970 to 48,010 in various countries, with hospitalization rates of 33.9–86.6% (Li et al. 2021). The number of inpatients with RSV-ALRI in the elderly population (≥65 years) was 186,000–614,000 in 2015 worldwide (Shi et al. 2020). Globally, 425,000–977,000 infant and child hospitalizations were attributed to hMPV-ALRI in 2018 (Wang et al. 2021). For IV-ALRI, the annual number of infant and child hospitalizations globally is 543,000–1,415,000 (Wang et al. 2020). Prior to 2011, there was no uniform standard for SARI case surveillance globally. With the outbreak of acute infectious diseases in recent years (e.g. influenza A, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019), the World Health Organization has repeatedly advocated for enhanced surveillance of SARI cases to monitor the global epidemic of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases (Fitzner et al. 2018; WHO 2019, 2020).
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ipomoea aquatica leaf extract and its cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity assay
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2020
Md. Rokonujaman Khan, Sheikh Manjura Hoque, Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain, Md. Abu Bakar Siddique, Md. Khabir Uddin, Md. Mostafizur Rahman
Because of unique properties and design combinations compared with conventional materials, the nanomaterials reported to be the materials of the twenty-first century (1). Among the several nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most important and vastly used materials in recent days (2). AgNPs have a wide and excellent physicochemical property (3) and have potential use in the field of chemistry, material science, environmental science, physics, optoelectronics, and biomedical devices (4). It is also chemically highly stable, and has high catalytic and antibacterial activities (5). AgNPs have presently achieved greater attention due to its antimicrobial activities (6). There are a wide range of application of AgNPs as antibacterial agents for disinfecting medical devices, water treatment, and home appliances (7–11). Silver nanocomposite fibers were produced which contains AgNPs inside the fabric (12). The AgNPs containing cotton fibers exhibited high antibacterial (E. coli) activity (12–14). Although it is found that different shapes and sizes of AgNPs have a significant impact on the interaction with organisms, subcellular organelles, cells, and tissues (15). The study revealed that AgNPs also showed a significant amount of antiviral activities against respiratory pathogens, such as adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza and especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (16).
Personal protective equipment doffing practices of healthcare workers
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Linh T. Phan, Dayana Maita, Donna C. Mortiz, Rachel Weber, Charissa Fritzen-Pedicini, Susan C. Bleasdale, Rachael M. Jones
Patients having respiratory infections were identified through the hospital MedMined surveillance system. Patients were eligible to be recruited if they were adults, fluent in English or Spanish, and had a positive respiratory pathogen panel test within three days prior to the day of observation. The patients had a variety of acute viral respiratory infections including: influenza A (n = 23), influenza B (n = 8), and rhinovirus (n = 15); and respiratory syncytial virus (n = 3), coronavirus (n = 1), parainfluenza (n = 1), and adenovirus (n = 1).