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Respiratory involvement from herbals
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Tracey K Riley, Kahoko Taki, Christopher P Holstege
The pneumotoxicity associated with comfrey provides an example of how the lungs may be damaged by a metabolite produced elsewhere in the body that travels to the lungs via the blood-stream.45 The pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are present in numerous plant species found worldwide (i.e. Symphytum spp) and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in many mammalian species, including man.46 The two major sources of human exposure to PAs are through accidental ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs or the deliberate ingestion of pyrrolizidine-containing herbal preparations.47 Hundreds of PAs have been identified and the type and degree of toxicity vary for different alkaloids and between mammalian species.48 PAs have been associated with venoocclusive disease and necrosis of the liver, pulmonary vascular lesions, pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale.46,49 Pneumotoxicity is due to reactive metabolites generated through hepatic metabolism of the alkaloids as the lung itself is unable to bioactivate pyrrolizidine alkaloids.49 Lung damage from administration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has reproducibly occurred in a variety of animal species including rats, dogs, turkeys, pigs, sheep and horses.49
PM2.5 aggravates airway inflammation in asthmatic mice: activating NF-κB via MyD88 signaling pathway
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Lei Wang, Yanzhi Cui, Hu Liu, Jing Wu, Jie Li, Xiansheng Liu
All mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and grade VII OVA (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and PM2.5 solution were administered by intratracheal instillation alone or in combination into the trachea for five times at D0-D4 in the sensitization stage and four times at D10-D13 in the excitation stage. Airway hyper-responsiveness test was conducted and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and lung tissues were collected at the 14th day. The left lung tissue was used for RNA and protein extraction, and the right lung tissue was used for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining analysis. We customised a complete set of instruments to ensure the accuracy of administration site and dose and to minimise interference factors, and the procedures were completed by an experienced laboratory personnel to minimise harm into the animal. The mice died during the experiment.
The role of nanomaterials and nanostructured surfaces for improvement of biomaterial peculiarities in vascular surgery: a review
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Marius Fodor, Lucian Fodor, Olimpiu Bota
Second generation nanocellulose tubes with a reduced wall thickness of 1.0–2.5 mm, an inner diameter of 4.0–5.0 mm and a length of 100 mm have been used to replace de sheep carotid artery. The results showed no acute inflammation signs around the graft within nine months after graft implantation. The graft histology revealed no signs of foreign body reaction, such as acute inflammatory reaction or giant cell formation (Weber et al. 2018). Concerning cell ingrowth findings, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and Giemsa staining show no cell migration into the nanocellulose graft scaffold. The vWF (factor VIII; blood vessel-staining kit, alkaline phosphatase conjugated) staining shows no evidence of endothelization inside the graft (Bryers, Giachelli, and Ratner 2012). The nanocellulose graft demonstrates less thrombogenic effects on the smoother inner surface (Ishii et al. 2016).
Purification of a lectin from Cratylia mollis crude extract seed by a single step PEG/phosphate aqueous two-phase system
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Cynthia Oliveira Nascimento, Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa, Paulo Antônio Soares, Polyanna Nunes Herculano, Tatiana Souza Porto, Thiago Pajeú Nascimento, Carolina de Albuquerque Lima, Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra, José Antônio Teixeira, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho, Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia, Maria das Graças Carneiro-da-Cunha, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
The results showed similar characteristics to those found by Correia and Coelho, [4] purifying by chromatographic techniques. Figure 4 shows SDS-PAGE of crude extract from C. mollis seeds (A) and the lectin purified (Cramoll 1,4) after ATPS extraction (B) in the bottom phase of the system. The analysis of crude extract shows multiples bands (Lane 2) and the sample purified Cramoll 1,4 shows three bands (Lane 3 and 4) with a main band at 26 kDa. Also, the glycoprotein staining (PAS) after PAGE to evaluate their glycoprotein nature, confirmed that they are not glycoproteins. The temperature stability test showed that the hemagglutinating activity decreased from 512 to 128 at 60 °C and reached zero at 80 °C. It was inhibited by glucose, mannose, and methyl-α-D-mannosidase. Lectins also were submitted to PAS after PAGE to evaluate their glycoprotein nature, being confirmed that they are not glycoproteins. HA (512) was unaffected when lectins were heated at 40 °C but decreased (128) at 60 °C and was totally lost at 80 °C. Inhibition of purified Cramoll 1,4 HA occurred in the presence of glucose, mannose, and methyl-α-D-mannoside.