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Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
The PAPR should not be used in immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) atmospheres or in atmospheres where oxygen concentration is less than 16.5%. Airborne agent concentration IDLH values have been established for the following nerve agents: GA/GB 0.2 mg/m3; GD 0.06 mg/m3; and VX 0.02 mg/m3. The PAPR uses a battery-operated blower that is designed to deliver essentially decontaminated air at a slight positive pressure into a full-face piece. The blower draws ambient air through two or three air-purifying elements (filters or chemical cartridges), which remove specific contaminants and deliver the subsequent air through a corrugated breathing tube into a face piece assembly on the face of the respirator wearer.
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Published in Michael L. Madigan, HAZMAT Guide for First Responders, 2017
A powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) is a full face piece, powered air respirator that meets the certification requirements established for particulate and gas filtering air-purifying requirements in 42 CFR Part 84. They are also outfitted with the appropriate canister or cartridge.
Respiratory Protective Devices for Particulate Matter
Published in Ko Higashitani, Hisao Makino, Shuji Matsusaka, Powder Technology Handbook, 2019
The powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) uses a blower to pass contaminated air through filter element(s) that removes the contaminants and supplies purified air to a respiratory inlet covering. The covering may be a facepiece, helmet, or hood.
A manikin-based assessment of loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator performance at variable flow rates and work rates
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
Kevin T. Strickland, Michael S. Bergman, Susan Xu, Ziqing Zhuang
Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) are respiratory protective devices that use a blower motor to pull ambient air through an air-purifying element (particulate filter or chemical cartridge) and then deliver that filtered air into a respiratory inlet covering (RIC). PAPR RICs can be classified into the following categories: tight-fitting facepiece (half or full), loose-fitting facepiece, or loose-fitting hood or helmet. As defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), tight-fitting facepieces form a complete seal to the face, loose-fitting facepieces form a partial seal to the face, and a hood completely covers the head and neck and may also cover portions of the shoulders and torso (OSHA 1998). Depending on the type of RIC, loose-fitting PAPRs are designated an Assigned Protection Factor (APF) of either 25 or 1,000 by OSHA. APF is defined by OSHA as the “workplace level of respiratory protection that a respirator or class of respirators is expected to provide to employees when the employer implements a continuing, effective respiratory protection program” (OSHA 1998). Loose-fitting facepiece and loose-fitting hood PAPRs are both designated an APF of 25; however, loose-fitting hood PAPRs can be designated an APF of 1,000 if the respirator manufacturer provides evidence that the respirator demonstrates performance at a level of protection of 1,000 or greater through a workplace or simulated workplace study (OSHA 1998).
Speech intelligibility test methodology applied to powered air-purifying respirators used in healthcare
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2020
Susan Xu, Jeremy Simons, Patrick Yorio, Dana Rottach, Ziqing Zhuang, Lewis Radonovich
A series of experiments was conducted in which SI was assessed as a function of PAPR model and experimental condition (only the speaker wearing the PAPR, only the listener wearing the PAPR, and both the speaker and listener wearing the PAPR). Four PAPR models were evaluated: Helmet, Hood, elastomeric full facepiece, and shroud. Twelve trials were conducted within each experimental condition summing to 144 experiments conducted within a fully crossed experimental model: 3 × 4 × 12. Table 3 depicts the research design, the number of experiments, and the descriptive statistics corresponding to each cell in the design. Given the structure of the data, a 3 × 4 ANOVA was used to assess the main effect of PAPR model, the main effect of experimental condition, and the interaction between the two. The mean percent correct for the baseline condition was 95.20% with a standard deviation of 3.96.
The impact of canister geometry on chemical biological radiological and nuclear filter performance: A computational fluid dynamics analysis
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Samuel G.A. Wood, Nilanjan Chakraborty, Martin W. Smith, Mark J. Summers, Stuart A. Brewer
Air-purifying respirators (APRs) are used in hazardous environments to provide the user with a supply of clean, breathable air. This is achieved by forcing air through a series of filters that will remove any contaminants. In a negative-pressure APR, the driving force to draw air through the filter is the wearer’s own inhalation, which requires a tight face seal and limits the possible resistance provided by the filter before the user becomes unable to breathe at an acceptable rate. In a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), the air is forced through the filters by means of a blower which is powered by a battery. PAPRs maintain a positive pressure in the facepiece to prevent contaminated air from entering in the case of a leak. Air is released from the mask by means of a non-return valve when a set pressure in the mask is reached.