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Neuro-Ophthalmology
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
It must also be borne in mind that aircrew can be subjected to unusual stresses and the clinical presentation may therefore be atypical. The possibility that such pathology may be linked to a decompression must always be considered. Steigleman et al. (2003) described a case of retro-orbital pain during aviation training that involved exposure to 25,000 feet for nine minutes in a hypobaric chamber, with the possibility of another episode some three weeks previously. The pain resolved, but two days later it recurred with blurred vision. On examination, there were deficits in colour vision and restricted visual fields. The clinical picture was complicated by concomitant sinusitis that raised the possibility of a parainfectious aetiology which resolved with antibiotic therapy, and by mild hypothyroidism which was also treated. As far as the differential diagnosis was concerned, it was considered that the presentation was consistent with optic neuritis and that also raised the question of multiple sclerosis. However, the response to hyperbaric treatment strongly supported decompression sickness as the precipitating event.
From Vision Science to Design Practice
Published in Marcelo M. Soares, Francisco Rebelo, Ergonomics in Design Methods & Techniques, 2016
Cristina Pinheiro, Fernando Moreira da Silva
Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve which can result in blurred vision and distortion or lack of color vision. Although the cause of optic neuritis is unknown, it is believed that it starts with plaque formation around the optic nerve myelin sheath. People suffering from optic neuritis reported increased sensitivity to light, pain with eye movement, scotomas, and loss of color vision.
The therapeutic effect of nano-zinc on the optic nerve of offspring rats and their mothers treated with lipopolysaccharides
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Eman Mohammed Emara, Hassan Ih El-Sayyad, Amr M Mowafy, Heba a El-Ghaweet
Many studies demonstrated that injecting bacterial LPS into the optic nerve of rats induced optic neuritis (ON). ON is characterized by a disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and leukocyte infiltration, as well as unilateral visual loss, afferent pupillary deficiency, abnormal visual evoked potentials (VEPs), periocular or retro-orbital pain in conjunction with eye movement, astrocytosis, demyelination, axon degeneration and RGC degeneration [12]. RGC oxidative damage is caused by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it is associated with numerous diseases such as glaucoma, hereditary optic atrophy, ischemic optic neuropathy, Traumatic Optic Neuropathy and Optic Neuritis. LPS injections also increased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, interleukin-1β and TNFα mRNA levels as well as increased the production of retinal superoxide, decreased activity of superoxide dismutase 2 and activated the inflammasome. All previous findings have been associated with optic nerve damage [13].