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Paediatrics
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Neuroblastoma is a malignant childhood tumour arising from primitive sympathetic neuroblasts of the embryonic neural crest. Sixty per cent occur in the abdomen; of these, two-thirds arise in the adrenal gland. Other common abdominal sites of origin of neuroblastoma are the periaortic sympathetic ganglia in the chest and abdomen, and ganglia at the aortic bifurcation. The peak age of incidence is two years with most neuroblastomas occurring below five years of age. A less common subgroup is congenital neuroblastoma in infants. Congenital neuroblastoma has a better prognosis due to its tendency to spontaneous regression.
Embryotoxic effects of Rovral® for early chicken (Gallus gallus) development
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Beatriz Mitidiero Stachissini Arcain, Maria Cláudia Gross, Danúbia Frasson Furtado, Carla Vermeulen Carvalho Grade
Defects in the cranial region of the embryos treated with Rovral® were predominantly incomplete formation of the head/brain, absence of the beak and microphthalmia. The formation of the head depends upon the coordination of several complex processes, which include neurulation and correct closure of the neural tube (Schoenwolf 2018), as well as cephalic folding of the embryo’s body (Gilbert and Barresi 2016). Further, neural crest cells released from neural ridges migrate to the rostral region, filling the pharyngeal arches and contributing to the formation of the skeleton, melanocytes, connective tissue, smooth muscle, fascia and parts of the peripheral nervous system of the face and neck (Creuzet, Couly, and Le Douarin 2005). Defects in neurulation and incorrect cephalic formation lead to anencephaly or encephalocele (Wolujewicz and Ross 2019). Poor neural crest migration in the rostral region might affect structures of the face and neck, and, in humans, results in conditions such as the Waardenburg syndrome (Dourmishev et al. 1999) and CATCH 22 syndrome (Boyarchuk, Volyanska, and Dmytrash 2017).
Theranostic approaches in nuclear medicine: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Luca Filippi, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Orazio Schillaci, Roberto Cianni, Oreste Bagni
Neuroblastoma (NB) represents the most common solid tumor in children, arising from the embryonic sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest, almost exclusively occurring in children. Although it is a relatively rare disease with an incidence of 1 case on 8000 live births, it accounts for about the 13% malignancy-related death in pediatric patients [22]. Neuroblastoma can arise everywhere along the sympathetic system, but the most frequent localizations are represented by the sympathetic ganglia in abdomen and by the medullary portion of the adrenal glands. According to The Children’s Oncology Group (COG), NB is stratified in low, intermediate, and high-risk on the basis of several biological and clinical factors [23]. Despite many advances in therapeutic approaches, prognosis in high-risk NB remains poor.