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Selected Microbial Contaminants
Published in Joseph Cotruvo, Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook, 2019
Certain pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea and illnesses such as gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, peritonitis, septicemia, and some pneumonia. Shiga toxin-producing strains such as E. coli 0157:H7 cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome, which has many serious health outcomes and often death.
Prevalence of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis strains in patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections in Iran
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2018
Abdullah Karimi, Zohreh Ghalavand, Fatemeh Fallah, Parisa Eslami, Mahmoud Parvin, Masoud Alebouyeh, Marjan Rashidan
Enterococci are commensal inhabitants of the intestinal tract of both humans and animals (Lebreton et al. 2014). E. faecalis is the most prevalent species of Enterococcus genus that frequently recovered from infections of blood, surgical wounds, abdominal, endocarditis, cholecystitis, peritonitis, neonatal meningitis (Seno et al. 2005). This bacterium also has been regarded as the major opportunistic pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in outpatients and hospitalized patients (Schmiemann et al. 2012; Xiao et al. 2015). Pathogenesis of E. faecalis is a complex process. Previous studies indicated that many factors increase the risk of acquiring the enterococcal infections including antimicrobial resistance and expression of virulence determinants. In the case of UTIs, while some virulence factors are proposed, their roles for explaining its virulence characteristic are not clear yet (Eaton and Gasson 2001; Comerlato et al. 2013; Kline and Lewis 2016). These virulence determinants are involved in its colonization, tissue destruction and escape from host immune responses (Salminen and Wright 1998) and located on transmissible genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons and/or on the chromosome in pathogenicity islands (Olsen et al. 2012; Nasaj et al. 2016).
Molecular detection and Frequency of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli by Multiplex Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR)
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
E. coli is the most common cause of Gram-negative nosocomial and community-acquired infections (CAIs). Uropathogenic E. coli is the major cause of urinary tract infections. Moreover, it is one of the most commonly isolated organisms in neonatal meningitis and nosocomial bacteremia [5].