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Active ageing sportswear
Published in Gianni Montagna, Cristina Carvalho, Textiles, Identity and Innovation: In Touch, 2020
L. Piccinini, C. Carvalho, G. Montagna
Exercise helps release cytokine, which is produced by various immune cells and even endothelial cells, adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Pedersen (2007) has clearly shown that IL-06 is an exercise-induced myokine, that is, it is a muscle contraction-secreted cytokine, which has an anti-inflammatory effect and stimulates the release of other anti-inflammatory cytokines (Oliveira & Pinto, 2014).
Circulating myokines IL-6, IL-15 and FGF21 response to training is altered by exercise type but not by menopause in women with obesity
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Alberto Pérez-López, Paola Gonzalo-Encabo, Bárbara Pérez-Köhler, Natalio García-Honduvilla, David Valadés
Myokines are among the main candidates that may enable muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk communication and prevent low-grade systemic inflammation. The acute release of some of these myokines stimulates fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle (e.g. IL-6 and IL-15) and liver (e.g. FGF21), lipolysis in skeletal muscle (e.g. IL-6 and IL-15), a reduction in lipid accumulation in adipose tissue (IL-15 and IL-15Rα), fat browning (e.g. FGF21) and improve glucose uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue (e.g. IL-6, IL-13, IL-15 and FGF21) (Camporez et al., 2013; Carey et al., 2006; Eckardt et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2013; Sun & Liu, 2015). All these effects allow establishing a muscle-adipose tissue-immune system by which exercise attenuate inflammatory state and reduce fat mass accumulation. However, although repeated doses of exercise may promote myokines-induced health benefits on inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism (Perez-Lopez et al., 2018b), there is scarce of evidence regarding which exercise type facilitates the higher expression and release of these myokines, particularly in postmenopausal women with obesity were combination of endurance and resistance training are recommended (American College of Sports Medicine et al., 2009), and if the metabolic disturbances that occur during menopause alter myokines’ response to exercise.
Serum myokine levels after linear and flexible non-linear periodized resistance training in overweight sedentary women
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Nikseresht Mahmoud, Hafezi Ahmadi Mohammadreza, Taheri Kalani Abdolhosein, Nikseresht Mehdi, Shawn M. Arent
Increases in body fat (BF), especially in abdominal adipose, and physical inactivity are associated with metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (Martin, Mani, & Mani, 2015). These effects appear to be even more pronounced in women compared to men (Motamed et al., 2019). It is well established that exercise training has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases (Mahtani, McManus, & Nunan, 2015). However, the exact mechanisms by which exercise induces these positive effects are not well understood. Myokines, a group of skeletal muscle-derived peptides, are involved in metabolic and physiological responses in other organs as a protective marker against disease (Leal, Lopes, & Batista, 2018).
Effects of exercise intensity and duration on a myokine, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Toshiaki Miyamoto, Yurika Shimizu, Yuka Matsuo, Taiki Otaru, Yuto Kanzawa, Nao Miyamae, Eri Yamada, Tomoyuki Katsuno
Recently, it has been suggested that myokines secreted from skeletal muscles may mediate the preventive effects of PA on various diseases, including colon cancer, sarcopenia, and dementia (Severinsen & Pedersen, 2020). Myokines have shown potentially far-reaching effects on non-muscle tissues and can provide a molecular interaction between muscle and body physiology via their autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions (Barbalho et al., 2020). A novel myokine, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), has been reported to not only regulate glucose metabolism (Aoi et al., 2019; Harries et al., 2013; Song, Guan, Zhang, Li, & Dong, 2010), adipocyte thermogenesis (Mukherjee, Choi, Kim, & Yun, 2020) and erythropoiesis (Luo et al., 2012) but also suppress colon tumorigenesis (Aoi et al., 2013). Aoi et al. has shown that SPARC is secreted into the circulation in response to exercise and suppresses the formation of aberrant crypt foci, which are the precursor lesions of colon adenocarcinoma, on the mucosal surface of mouse colon via the activation of caspase-3 and -8 (Aoi et al., 2010; Aoi et al., 2013). Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated that SPARC expression contributes to skeletal muscle regeneration through extracellular matrix remodelling and collagen maturation (Ghanemi, Melouane, Yoshioka, & St-Amand, 2019; Ghanemi, Yoshioka, & St-Amand, 2021). Since muscle mass loss occurs as a consequence of cancer cachexia and/or chemotherapy in cancer patients (Sturgeon, Mathis, Rogers, Schmitz, & Waning, 2019), these findings suggest that SPARC has potential therapeutic value as an endogenous factor in the prevention of not only colon cancer but also muscle mass loss in colon cancer survivors.