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Electromagnetic Field Effects on Soft Tissues – Muscles and Tendons
Published in Marko S. Markov, James T. Ryaby, Erik I. Waldorff, Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields for Clinical Applications, 2020
Erik I. Waldorff, Nianli Zhang, James T. Ryaby, Andrew F. Kuntz
Norizadeh-Abbariki, Mashinchian et al. (2014) used dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, ~20 nm size, 20 µg/mL) to label embryonic stem cells to determine if the interaction of PEMF with the particles could enhance skeletal muscle formation/differentiation which is controlled by transcription factors such as MyoD, Myf5, Myf6, myogenin (MyoG), and sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (myHC). Using a Helmholtz coil system, PEMF treatment (0.1 mT, 12 Hz) was done 6 h/day for 5 days during differentiation period. Cells were cultured in myogenic differentiation medium (1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 5% horse serum). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that Myh2 expression was enhanced by PEMF (with or without SPIONs) relative to the differentiation media treated groups. However, for MyoG expression, PEMF acted synergistically with differentiation media and SPIONs (36- and 85-fold increase relative to control, respectively). Performing the same experiment in serum-free media, it was furthermore shown that the combined effect of PEMF, differentiation media, and SPIONs could enhance myogenic differentiation of stem cells as compared to each stimuli by itself.
Bio-interactive nanoarchitectonics with two-dimensional materials and environments
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Xuechen Shen, Jingwen Song, Cansu Sevencan, David Tai Leong, Katsuhiko Ariga
Substrate viscoelasticity strongly influences cell adhesion, morphology, and differentiation [219–223]. Effective absence of viscoelastic stress in perfluorocarbon-medium liquid interface culture has interesting implications. Minami et al. cultured C2C12 myoblasts at perfluorocarbon–medium interfaces, finding suppression of myogenic differentiation even in differentiation medium (DM) [216]. Myoblasts cultured on polystyrene upregulated myogenic genes myoD, myf5, myogenin, and muscle-specific gene MHC, indicating differentiation into myotubes. Myoblasts cultured on PFO-DM retained high viability and spread but only upregulated myoD; absent viscoelastic stress in liquid–liquid interface culture weakened cellular traction force (CTF), causing mechanotransducive myf5 and myogenin downregulation, which suppressed myogenic differentiation.
Expression profiles of long non-coding RNA in mouse lung tissue exposed to radon
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Jihua Nie, Jing Wu, Zhihai Chen, Yang Jiao, Jie Zhang, Hailin Tian, Jianxiang Li, Jian Tong
LncRNAs are known to regulate mRNA expression in many ways. One of these ways involves lncRNA binding to transcription factors and thus, regulation of the expression of mRNA. Cytoscape software was used to predict the direct target transcription factors of lncRNA. The top 50 lncRNAs which were co-expressed with mRNA (fold change of >2 and p value <.05) were utilized to predict the transcription factors, as depicted in Figure 3. Red arrow represents lncRNA, blue box represents transcription factor and green circle represent mNRA. The software analysis indicated that one lncRNA regulated more than one transcription factor, and one transcription factor modulated many target mRNAs. For example, lncRNA FR384420 was bound to 22 transcript factors (namely, MYC, SRY, GATA1, E2F1, ERF, E2F4, BACH2, PATZ1, ELF2, PAX5, E2F5, E2F2, CASR, SPG7, RB1, ETS1, BACH1, ZEB1, NR2F1, RUNX2, MYF6, MYF5) and regulated 9 mRNAs (namely, NME2, HSPA1A, PRKCA, BID, IMMP1L, EARS2, HSPA2, SPHK1, ITGA4).