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Frequency Measures
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Fundamentals of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology, 2021
Morbidity and mortality measures are often the same mathematically; it’s just a matter of what needs to be measured, illness or death. Mortality rate is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specified interval. The formula for the mortality of a defined population, over a specified period of time, is:DeathsoccurringduringagiventimeperiodSizeofthepopulationamongwhichthedeathsoccurred
Improved Classification Techniques for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer
Published in Varun Bajaj, G.R. Sinha, Computer-aided Design and Diagnosis Methods for Biomedical Applications, 2021
Pankaj Dadheech, Ankit Kumar, S. R. Dogiwal, Vipin Jain, Vijander Singh, Linesh Raja
Four objectives were set up to critically analyze patient data, and the objectives of the research work were as follows: To study the successful data mining techniques and tools to improve the diagnosis of health diseases.To study the various types of algorithms in data mining.To study healthcare data and discover patterns to develop a suggestive management information system to improve cancer treatment.Reducing the mortality rate due to cancer and increasing health awareness.
Communities: Their Study and their Environmental Problems
Published in John R. Goldsmith, Environmental Epidemiology: Epidemiological Investigation of Community Environmental Health Problems, 2019
For looking at data for the same population over a period of adjacent days or weeks the examination of numbers of deaths is useful and informative because approximately the same numbers of persons and the same sorts of persons are at risk. However when we wish to compare mortality for different populations, or even for the same location across a number of years, it is essential that we take into account the possible differences in the size and character of the population. This is most conveniently done by calculating the mortality rate, which is the number of deaths divided by the number of persons at risk. Since such a procedure usually results in a quite small figure, it is customary to represent the rate as per 100,000 persons.
Analyzing truck accident data on the interurban road Ankara–Aksaray–Eregli in Turkey: Comparing the performances of negative binomial regression and the artificial neural networks models
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2019
Funda Ture Kibar, Fazil Celik, Fred Wegman
Road accidents are a serious problem in Turkey. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) estimated a mortality rate of 8.9 per 100,000 populations in 2013. The estimate of the number of road fatalities by the WHO (6,687 in 2013) is substantially higher than that reported by the Turkish Statistical Institute (3,685 in 2013; Turkish Statistical Institute, 2013). An important explanation for this difference is that the Statistical Institute uses “died at the spot of an accident” and does not follow the international definition (died in 30 days). In Turkey, freight transportation on roads is substantial and dominates transportation by air, rail, or shipping. Nearly 89% of all freight transportation is made by road (General Directorate of Turkish Highways [GDTH], 2014), which makes it understandable why there are so many trucks on Turkish roads. Additionally, the total number of trucks in Turkey is close to the total number of trucks in five to ten European countries (European Statistics, 2012). The total number of registered trucks on Turkish roads in 2014 was 773,728, and the number of trucks increases by approximately 2.5% every year (Turkish Statistical Institute, 2014). However, road networks have not been improved. This results in a substantial amount of people killed in accidents in which trucks are involved. For 2013, total vehicle-km is 99,431 million and the total number of fatalities is 3,685, the fatality rate is 3.7. On the other side, truck travel is 22,209 million truck-km and the number of fatalities in truck related accidents is 939, the fatality rate is 4.2. Except trucks, the fatality rate is 3.6 (Turkish Statistical Institute, 2013).