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Bacterial Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles
Published in Ramesh Raliya, Nanoscale Engineering in Agricultural Management, 2019
Shweta Agrawal, Mrinal Kuchlan, Jitendra Panwar, Mahaveer Sharma
Till date, research in the field of biosynthesis has mainly been focused on AgNPs [7,699 papers, 59%], Au NPs followed by ZnO [4,640 papers, 36%] and, finally, CuO NPs [690 papers, 5%] (Shobha et al. 2014). The few papers in the literature on the synthesis of copper nanoparticles have reported synthesis of copper nanoparticles in the oxide form. This is probably because copper is well known as an oxidation receptor and the most successful chemical synthesis of metallic copper nanoparticles is either carried out in organic phases or requires elaborate setups for aqueous phase synthesis in order to avoid potential oxidation of Cu2+ into its oxide forms. The synthesis of pure metallic copper nanoparticles in aqueous phase is, therefore, still an open challenge for bionanotechnologists (Ramanathan et al. 2010). Different bacteria belonging to the genus Serratia, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Morganella morganii RP42, Morganella psychrotolerans, Escherichia coli and Streptomyces sp., were used to synthesize CuNPs (Shobha et al. 2014).
Microbial Biotechnology
Published in Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olawole O. Obembe, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Microbiomes and Emerging Applications, 2022
Olawole O. Obembe, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, O. S. Aworunse, Nneka R. Agbakoba
Studies have revealed a characteristic gut microbiota in depression to include both high level of Bacteroidales and low Lachnospiraceae composition, and both an increased Alistipes population and Enterobacteriaceae level and low grade of Faecalibacterium in depression (Naseribafrouei et al., 2014). It has been shown that clinical depression is accompanied by elevated levels of immunoglobulin A or M, or both against Gram-negative bacteria belonging to human gut microbiota (Wiest, 2015), such as Hafnia alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas putida, Citrobacter koseri,or Klebsiella pneumoniae (Maes et al., 2013).
Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Published in M. H. Fulekar, Bhawana Pathak, Environmental Nanotechnology, 2017
Prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria are used as an agent for the synthesis of nanoparticles due to ease of culturing, short generation time, mild experimental conditions (pH, pressure, and temperature), extracellular production and ease of downstream processing. Hence, it has gained importance in nanoparticle synthesis. A Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Serratia was used to synthesize CuO NPs isolated from the midgut of Stibara sp., an insect reported. Silver-resistant bacteria Morganella morganii RP42 and Morganella psychrotolerans are attributed to the formation of Cu NPs in the range of 15–20 nm. The spherical Cu NPs in the size range of 8–15 nm was synthesized by a rapid biological synthesis technique using non-pathogenic Pseudomonas stutzeri. CuO NPs synthesized from Streptomyces sp. can be used for the development of antimicrobial textiles for hospital use to prevent or to minimize infection with pathogenic bacteria. Biological synthesis of CuO NPs using E. coli with variable sizes and shapes is also reported. Pseudomonas stutzeri, present in the soil, was used to synthesize cubical Cu NPs sized 50–150 nm from electroplating waste water. Many different genera of fungi have been investigated. Fungi are extremely good candidates since they secrete large amounts of enzymes and are simpler to deal in the laboratory. Extracellular synthesis of Cu NPs was observed in Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium waksmanii. Majumder reported the synthesis of Cu NPs using Fusarium oxysporum at ambient temperature, were screened for extracting copper from integrated circuits and obtained in nano form. Spherical Cu NPs with an average size of 24.5 nm were synthesized extracellularly by dead biomass of Hypocrea lixii isolated from the metal mine and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The amide groups in proteins were accountable for the stability and capping agents surrounding the Cu NPs. The synthesis of Cu NPs from brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, the diterpenoids present in the extract perform dual functions of reduction and stabilization of Cu NPs.
Importance of bacterial biodegradation and detoxification processes of microcystins for environmental health
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Isaac Yaw Massey, Xian Zhang, Fei Yang
Morganella morganii is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod frequently found in the environment and in intestinal tracts of humans and mammals (Eleuterio and Batista 2010). Morganella morganii was detected in both the anthracite media obtained from the Los Angeles filtration plant and in Lake Mead, USA. It is of interest that Eleuterio and Batista (2010) noted that Morganella morganii degraded MC-LR. In addition, Bao and Wu (2016) demonstrated that an amino acid-degrading anaerobic bacterium ALA-1 completely degraded MC-LR. The evidence thus indicates that MC may also be degraded by bacteria under anaerobic conditions.