China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Amphiphilic Nanocarrier Systems for Curcumin Delivery in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Miora Rakotoarisoa, Angelina Angelova
Third, oxidative stress is the most common feature of neurodegenerative diseases [15–20]. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced by the mitochondrial transport chain, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Krebs cycle, and the plasma membrane involving the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) macromolecular complex [17]. Oxidative stress occurs under environmental factors and when the generation of ROS exceeds the natural antioxidant defenses of the cell (promoted by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, carotenoids, and vitamins E or C) [15–20]. ROS accumulation attacks proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids, and thus, causes impairments of the neuronal cell functions and integrity [18–20]. Mitochondrial lesions are also mediated by ROS. This leads to the alteration of the neuronal cell bioenergetics, the disruption of the calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, or the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Thus, a vicious cycle is formed (Fig. 33.1), which amplifies the cellular dysfunction and triggers neurodegeneration [17–26].
Amphiphilic Nanocarrier Systems for Curcumin Delivery in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Miora Rakotoarisoa, Angelina Angelova
Third, oxidative stress is the most common feature of neurodegenerative diseases [15–20]. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced by the mitochondrial transport chain, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Krebs cycle, and the plasma membrane involving the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) macromolecular complex [17]. Oxidative stress occurs under environmental factors and when the generation of ROS exceeds the natural antioxidant defenses of the cell (promoted by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, carotenoids, and vitamins E or C) [15–20]. ROS accumulation attacks proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids, and thus, causes impairments of the neuronal cell functions and integrity [18–20]. Mitochondrial lesions are also mediated by ROS. This leads to the alteration of the neuronal cell bioenergetics, the disruption of the calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, or the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Thus, a vicious cycle is formed (Fig. 33.1), which amplifies the cellular dysfunction and triggers neurodegeneration [17–26].
Formulation and evaluation of a two-stage targeted liposome coated with hyaluronic acid for improving lung cancer chemotherapy and overcoming multidrug resistance
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Xuelian Wang, Hongye Cai, Xinyu Huang, Zhuhang Lu, Luxi Zhang, Junjie Hu, Daizhi Tian, Jiyu Fu, Guizhi Zhang, Yan Meng, Guohua Zheng, Cong Chang
The production of ROS is known to trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), leading to the collapse of the MMP. In turn, this plays a critical role in regulating apoptotic signaling pathways. To assess whether the drug could accumulate in the mitochondria, the changes in MMP were evaluated using JC-1, a fluorescent probe that selectively accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix. When MMP is depolarized, JC-1 shifts from red aggregates to green monomers. As demonstrated in Figure 8E–G, A549/T cells treated with all formulations exhibited a dissipated MMP compared to the control group. Of these formulations, the most significant loss of Δψm was caused by HA/TT LP/PTX. The dissipation of MMP is usually accompanied by the release of cytochrome c, which further activates downstream caspase-9 and caspase-3. Additionally, the depolarized MMP is associated with the inhibition of ATP, which is the energy required to maintain the efflux pump of P-gp [38].
Diazinon impairs bioenergetics and induces membrane permeability transition on mitochondria isolated from rat liver
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Camila Araújo Miranda, Anilda Rufino de Jesus Santos Guimarães, Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra, Fábio Erminio Mingatto
Previously DZN was reported to produce swelling of mitochondria in rat hepatocytes and myocardial cells (Kalender et al. 2005; Ogutcu et al. 2006). In agreement with these findings DZN was shown to induce swelling of isolated rat liver mitochondria, which might be a consequence of a phenomenon termed MPT. MPT occurs as a result of the opening of a channel, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) (Sesso et al. 2012). The opening of MPTP is induced by (1) insufficient intracellular ATP, (2) ROS-induced oxidative stress, and (3) Ca2+ and phosphate accumulation (Carraro and Bernardi 2016).