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Alzheimer's Disease Classification
Published in Amitoj Singh, Vinay Kukreja, Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Machine Learning for Edge Computing, 2023
Monika Sethi, Sachin Ahuja, Vinay Kukreja
This causes the hippocampus and cortex to shrink and the cerebral ventricles to widen. The severity of these disruptions depends on the stage of the disease. In the later phases or stages of AD, the substantial shrinkage of the hippocampus [4] and cerebral cortex and the expansion of the ventricles can be seen clearly in the brain scans (medical resonance images or MRI) [5, 6]. Sufferers at the early stages of AD have Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), but not all sufferers with MCI necessarily develop AD. MCI is the initiation phase between the mental changes that are seen in normal aging and early-stage of AD, in which the individual endures minor behavior changes that are apparent to just the individual and their loved ones only [7]. MCI sufferers then are considered MCI converters (MCIc) or MCI non-converters (MCInc), which suggests that they have or have not progressed to AD during a period of one and a half years. Subsequently, there are two subtypes of MCI that are seldom described in the literature: early MCI (eMCI) and late MCI (lMCI) [8].
A semiparametric method for estimating the progression of cognitive decline in dementia
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2018
Xiaoxia Li, Canan Bilen-Green, Kambiz Farahmand, Linda Langley
The rate of progression of dementia is highly variable; investigating patterns of its progression is, therefore, a valuable research avenue. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often regarded as an intermediate state on a one-way path from normal cognition to dementia (Morris et al., 2001). Patients with MCI experience mild but measurable changes in thinking abilities; these changes are noticeable to the person affected and to family members and friends, but do not affect an individual's ability to carry out everyday activities (Alzheimer's Association, 2016). MCI includes heterogeneous types of cognitive dysfunction that manifest as symptoms of cognitive decline. Furthermore, in a review of population-based studies, adjusting for sample size, Mitchell and Shiri Feshki (2009) found that the cumulative proportions of patients with Mayo-defined MCI who progressed to AD, to vascular dementia, and to other forms of dementia were 28.9%, 5.2%, and 21.9%, respectively. Therefore, not all patients with MCI deteriorate over time.
Keeping patient and public partnership at the heart of medical technology development during Covid-19: examples of adaptive practice
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2022
Lise Sproson, Nathaniel Mills, Liz Pryde, Ade Adebajo, David Coyle, Jennifer Preston, Daniel Blackburn, Heidi Christensen, Vitaveska Lanfranchi
Researchers from D4D, the University of Sheffield and commercial partners Therapy Box Ltd (https://therapy-box.co.uk/) are collaborating to further develop a digital doctor, CognoSpeak™ [12], which will use artificial intelligence (AI), validated cognitive assessment stimulus questions and speech analysis to detect cognitive impairment. In order for novel treatments to be tested on populations at risk, technology is required to diagnose people in the prodromal or even preclinical stage of diseases that cause dementia. For example Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a diagnosis of memory complaints not sufficient to impair activities of daily living. People with MCI have a risk of approximately 50% of developing dementia within 5 years.
Uncertainty-driven modality selection for data-efficient prediction of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2023
Zhiyang Zheng, Yi Su, Kewei Chen, David Weidman, Teresa Wu, ShihChung Lo, Fleming Lure, Jing Li
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage when patients show a noticeable cognitive decline, typically involving memory loss, but the symptoms are not severe enough to disrupt the ability to perform daily activities independently. The etiologies of MCI are heterogeneous, and the prognosis depends in part on the primary etiology for a given individual. Thus, some individuals with MCI will progress to AD dementia at a future time, whereas others may remain stable or even revert. It is an important task to predict if an MCI patient will progress to AD, which could provide an opportunity for early intervention to slow down disease progression before significant irreversible neurodegeneration occurs.