China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Microbial Removal of Toxic Chromium for Wastewater Treatment
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2021
Joorie Bhattacharya, Rahul Nitnavare, Thomas J Webster, Sougata Ghosh
Microbial mats are diverse clumps of microbes found attached to a surface or floating on water bodies. Abed et al. (2020) reported a microbial mat which could remove approximately 1 mg/L Cr(VI) in a period of 7 days under aerobic conditions. The microbial mat contained bacterial species, namely Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiae, Firmicutes, Actinobacter, and Alphaproteobacteria. Even though all these microbial strains survived on the mat, the microbial diversity was observed to have shifted to Verrucomicrobiae and Alphaproteobacteria when exposed to Cr(VI) contamination (Abed et al. 2020). Further research is therefore required in isolation of species from microbial mats and their characterization to explore the in-depth mechanism of aerobic Cr(VI)-reducing microbiota in such mats.
Petroleum Wastewater
Published in Arun Kumar, Jay Shankar Singh, Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 2021
Cyanobacteria mats inhabited primarily in sheltered, shallow coastal areas and intertidal zones; which comprise of different communities of microorganisms dispersed in many layers according to the physicochemical gradients (Sánchez et al. 2006). They are also known as microbial mats or marine mats, which play a significant role not only in natural functions and services; but also help in scavenging marine pollution especially oil degradation. Along with the dominance of cyanobacterial communities, there are different members of bacteria such as Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides group (CFB), proteobacteria and green non-sulfur bacteria present in cyanobacterial mats; that are able to effectively degrade both aliphatic and aromatic compounds (Abed et al. 2002, Sánchez et al. 2006).
Incorporating viruses into soil ecology: A new dimension to understand biogeochemical cycling
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Xiaolong Liang, Mark Radosevich, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Steven W. Wilhelm, Regan McDearis, Jie Zhuang
Microbial macromolecular necromass and certain associated metabolites appear to rapidly associate with minerals to form mineral-organic complexes. These complexes are likely important precursors of persistent SOM (Lavallee et al., 2020; Possinger et al., 2020) and may account for as much as 50% of the total amount of stable SOM (Liang et al., 2017). Recent studies have indicated that viruses play important roles in forming recalcitrant, mineral-associated organic substances that contribute to carbon and other elemental sequestration by accelerating turnover of microbial biomass. Xu et al. (2019) showed that viral infection and lysis of cyanobacteria enables a calcification environment by releasing intracellular bicarbonate which may induce homogeneous nucleation of calcium carbonate and precipitation of carbonate minerals (i.e., amorphous calcium carbonate and aragonite). A diagenesis simulation experiment with a lacustrine microbial mat showed that virus-like particles and lysis-derived cell debris function as primary nucleation sites for mineral deposition. It is estimated that large proportions (up to 40%) of microbial biomass were affected by viral lysis generating substantial quantities of virus particles and cell debris in the environment. Viral infection can also lead to reduction in total microbial activity and respiration, negatively influencing OM decomposition by microbial communities, ultimately contributing to microbial carbon use efficiency and organic carbon stabilization (Albright et al., 2022; Schimel, 2018; Wei et al., 2021).
Aluminium-normalised trace-element paleoredox proxies and their application to the study of the conditions of Burgess Shale-type preservation
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
K. C. Meehan, W. G. Powell, D. M. McKirdy, P. A. Hall, C. Nedin, P. A. Johnston, C. J. Collom
Hall et al. (2011) identified biomarker hydrocarbons indicative of coccoid cyanobacteria in their analysis of kerogen extracted from the Emu Bay Shale and so concluded that microbial mat sealing of the sediment interface and subsequent sediment anoxia were responsible for fossil preservation at this site. However, unlike the Burgess Shale, no fossilised remains or sediment textures indicative of matgrounds have been identified in direct association with BST fossils in either the Emigsville Member (Skinner, 2005) or the Emu Bay Shale (Ivantsov et al., 2005), notwithstanding petrographic evidence of possible remnant cyanobacterial mats in the latter. The lack of V enrichment is consistent with the proposed exaerobic environment at these sites. Nonetheless, given the undisturbed nature of Ba in the Kinzers strata, their microbial mats are likely to have been less persistent, perhaps allowing for fluctuating redox conditions in their pore waters.