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Application of Metabolomics to Discover the Implications of Nanomaterials for Crop Plants
Published in Ramesh Raliya, Nanoscale Engineering in Agricultural Management, 2019
Yuxiong Huang, Lijuan Zhao, Arturo A. Keller
1H NMR and GC–MS-based metabolomics, as well as ICP-MS-based metallomics, were used to demonstrate that exposure of plants to ENMs throughout their entire life cycle can result in significant changes in metabolite profiles and metal bioaccumulation. The subsequent metabolic pathway analysis revealed both carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were significantly disturbed, affecting the levels of amino acids, carbohydrates and other important biomolecules. Results also showed ENMs significantly altered some patterns in the metabolites, indicating that the nutrients supplied by the fruit will be changed. As ENMs may generate ROS, the plant appears to respond by using its antioxidant capacity, in the form of phenolic compounds, vitamins, and other metabolites, which results in a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity contained in the product to be consumed. The metabolite and metallomic profiling provide information that could be used to launch more detailed investigations of specific effects or mechanisms of response from exposure to nanomaterials and other chemicals. Furthermore, after having identified the metabolite changes induced by ENMs, one can study the up-stream genes controlling and regulating the identified metabolites, in order to provide additional insight into the response of plants to ENMs. Therefore, metabolomics can be used as a sensitive and powerful tool to understand the response of plants to nanoparticles at a molecular level, as an early indicator of potential implications from exposure to ENMs.
An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Mariana Zuccherato Bocato, João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez, Christian Hoffmann, Fernando Barbosa
The term metallome was first introduced by Dr. Robert Williams, similar to the proteome, as the distribution of ions of a chemical element in all compartments of a system (Williams 2001). The term metallomic was incorporated as the study of the metallome. In 2004, Hiroki Haraguchi (2004) provided an alternative definition to “metallome” as metalloproteins or any other biomolecule, and “metallomic” as the study of such biomolecules. Szpunar (2004) defined metallomics as “a comprehensive analysis of the species of a metal or metalloid in biological tissue or fluid”. Chemical species of interest for metallomics include trace element complexes associated with endogenous biomolecules such as organic acids, proteins, fatty acids, and DNA fragments (Szpunar 2004).