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Omics Approach to Understanding Microbial Diversity
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Shilpee Pal, Arijit Jana, Keshab Chandra Mondal, Suman Kumar Halder
The proteome is a complete set of proteins of a specific biological system. It is highly dynamic and is continuously varying according to the environment. Proteomics is the study of proteome at a particular time in a specific environment. Microorganisms have to face expeditious and severe changing environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, and predators. Modification of the protein expression profiles is essential to overcome those challenges. This niche adaptation policy can be estimated by proteomics that investigates the physiology of complex microbial associations at a molecular level. Overall proteomic approaches are used to analyze various proteomic aspects such as proteome profiling, comparative synthesis of two or more protein samples, identification and localization of posttranslational modifications, and for protein–protein interaction study. Thus proteomics includes structural and functional knowledge of proteins.
Proteins and Proteomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Proteomics is the science of proteins, and it is much more complicated than genomics mostly because although an organism’s genome is constant, the proteome differs from cell to cell and from time to time. The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. This is because distinct genes are expressed in distinct cell types. This means that even the basic set of proteins that are produced in a cell needs to be determined. Nowadays, we keep hearing of high-protein or low-protein diets. But why do we need to keep our protein level under control? This is because proteins are very important for body functions, and any deficiency or malfunction in protein may lead to serious ailments. The proteome is larger than the genome, especially in eukaryotes, in the sense that there are more proteins than genes. This is because of alternative splicing of genes and posttranslational modifications like glycosylation or phosphorylation. Moreover, the proteome has at least two levels of complexity lacking in the genome. although the genome is defined by the sequence of nucleotides, the proteome cannot be limited to the sum of the sequences of the proteins present. Knowledge of the proteome requires knowledge of (1) the structure of the proteins in the proteome and (2) the functional interaction between the proteins.
Proteins and proteomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
After genomics, proteomics is often considered the next step in the study of biological systems. It is much more complicated than genomics mostly because, though an organism’s genome is more or less constant, the proteome differs from cell to cell and from time to time. The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. This is because distinct genes are expressed in distinct cell types. This means that even the basic set of proteins produced in a cell needs to be determined Today, we keep hearing of high-protein or low-protein diets. But why do we need to keep our protein level under control? This is because proteins are very important for body functions, and any deficiency or malfunction in protein may lead to serious ailments. The proteome is larger than the genome, especially in eukaryotes, in the sense that there are more proteins than genes. This is due to alternative splicing of genes and posttranslational modifications like glycosylation or phosphorylation. Moreover, the proteome has at least two levels of complexity lacking in the genome. While the genome is defined by the sequence of nucleotides, the proteome cannot be limited to the sum of the sequences of the proteins present. Knowledge of the proteome requires knowledge of (1) the structure of the proteins in the proteome and (2) the functional interaction between the proteins.
Plant responses to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): a molecular perspective
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Ayesha Karamat, Rouzbeh Tehrani, Gregory D. Foster, Benoit Van Aken
The development of -omics technologies have revolutionized biological sciences, including plant biology. Although the entire genetic material of an organism is referred to as the genome, the expression of genes generates transcripts (messenger RNAs–mRNAs), which together constitute the transcriptome. Transcripts are then translated into proteins, which together constitute the proteome. Proteins, mostly enzymes, mediate biochemical reactions of the metabolism, resulting in the synthesis of a multitude of small molecules forming the metabolome (Abdullah-Zawawi et al. 2022). Studying the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome constitutes therefore a powerful approach for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the plant response to stress, including toxic chemicals, such as PFAS.
An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Mariana Zuccherato Bocato, João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez, Christian Hoffmann, Fernando Barbosa
The complex mechanisms of biological processes involved in the effects associated with exposure to various chemicals may be assessed through primary components of cellular events such as proteins. Expression of proteins in a genome or tissue, known as proteome, is not a fixed feature of an organism as in the case of the genome. Moreover, there are many more proteins in the proteome than genes in the genome (Kennedy 2002; Liebler 2002).