Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Omics to Field Bioremediation
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
As the name suggests, metabolomics is the study of small metabolites such as lipids and vitamins in a sample or organism. Metabolites represent the energy transfer intermediates in the cell and in between different cells. This study mainly comprises the metabolite profiling in a sample. Metabolic phenotypes are the result of different processes that a cell undergoes due to the relationship between the genome and the factors affecting it. This study has not been developed yet like other studies as qualitative and quantitative study of metabolites is challenging due to perturbations in the metabolites profile due to changes in environmental conditions (Claudino et al., 2007). But it has some advantages over other systems as the metabolite is the closest to the phenotype a system exhibits, which can be studied easily if any changes happen. Also, it is the last product to be formed, and the changes in metabolome can be related to the changes in the genome quite comfortably. And also due to the large number of molecules to be studied, it is the most complex of all other omics (Horgan and Kenny, 2011).
Advances in Microbial Molecular Biology
Published in Gustavo Molina, Zeba Usmani, Minaxi Sharma, Abdelaziz Yasri, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Microbes in Agri-Forestry Biotechnology, 2023
Deborah Catharine de Assis Leite, Naiana Cristine Gabiatti
Metabolomics has also a huge potential to better elucidate the chemical communication that results from the interaction between rhizosphere and root community members. Root exudates contain a bunch of primary and secondary plant metabolites that can inhibit or attract different kinds of microbes (Coninck et al. 2015). The recent development of broad-spectrum and highly sensitive metabolomics platforms allows the recognition of metabolome location of the root and its exudate composition. One potential application of metabolomics can be the measurement of changes in specific metabolite levels, in response to a given treatment (Johnson, Ivanisevic, and Siuzdak 2016). With a similar approach, functional metagenomics can provide information to the identification of novel plant growth-promoting genes by heterologous expression in a root colonizer (Levy, Conway et al. 2018).
In Pursuit of Total Exposure Health
Published in Kirk A. Phillips, Dirk P. Yamamoto, LeeAnn Racz, Total Exposure Health, 2020
Although still evolving as a science compared to other more mature omics, metabolomics has found application in disease profiling, personalized medicine (e.g., drug discovery and drug assessment), toxicology, agriculture, and the environment. For its continued maturation, there are a few objectives that need to be met: (1) improvement in the comprehensive coverage of the metabolome, (2) standardization between laboratories and metabolomics experiments, and (3) enhancement of the integration of metabolomics data with other functional genomic information. The NIH (2012) funding mentioned previously was an effort to increase metabolomics research capacity by funding various initiatives in the area, to include training, technology development, standards synthesis, and data sharing capability for the field.
Methods of Metabolite Identification Using MS/MS Data
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2022
Myungjae Kwak, Kyungwoo Kang, Yingfeng Wang
Metabolites are the intermediate and end products of metabolism, which is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in living organisms.2 A metabolite is typically a small-molecular compound less than 1500 Da in the metabolome.2 A diverse set of metabolites exist in nature. For example, it was reported that there are more than 200,000 plant metabolites alone.3,4 The number of metabolites predicted in HMDB (Human Metabolome Database) 4.0 is. 114,1005 It is well known that physiological and pathological changes in human body are mapped to specific metabolic changes. For example, certain metabolic changes are identified in cancerous tissues.1,6 Once those mappings are completely identified, it would be possible to greatly improve disease diagnosis, prognosis, and selection of therapeutic strategies by profiling metabolites. Metabolomics is a scientific branch of studying the set of metabolites present within a living organism, cell, or tissue. It focuses on identifying the complete set of metabolites in a biological system.7 It also studies metabolic changes to disease, disease progression, medication, or environmental effects.7 Profiling metabolites can be used as a direct way of observing metabolic activities. Metabolomics is a study for detecting, identifying, and quantifying metabolites. It has advanced many medical and scientific areas such as microbiology8–10, pharmacy11–14, and medical science.15–19
Inflammatory bowel disease: why this provides a useful example of the evolving science of nutrigenomics
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Now that the genetic characteristics of IBD are emerging more clearly, it becomes easier to select (or develop) appropriate animal models to test effects of foods or dietary supplements, before suggesting them for use in the very vulnerable people, either susceptible to or currently showing symptoms of the disease. As well as analytical developments in genotyping, transcriptomics. proteomics and metabolomics are now available to nutritional research, and used increasingly in these studies (van Ommen and Stierum 2002; Barnett et al. 2015; Ferguson and Barnett 2016; Figure 2). Barnett et al. (2015) emphasised the value of all of these nutrigenomics technologies in various animal models. Proteomics (the study of proteins), combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), provides an analysis of peptides. Metabolomics is formally defined as the study of chemical processes involving metabolites, the small molecule intermediates and products of metabolism. Metabolomics using both gas chromatograph-MS (GCMS) and LCMS have been combined with transcript-omics (gene expression analysis), proteomics and analyses of microbiota to give a comprehensive picture of which foods may be beneficial in individuals carrying susceptibility genes. These tools can non-invasively be applied to animal or human studies.
Placental tissue metabolome analysis by GC-MS: Oven-drying is a viable sample preparation method
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Jacopo Troisi, Steven Symes, David Adair, Angelo Colucci, Sonia Elisa Prisco, Carmen Imma Aquino, Immacolata Vivone, Maurizio Guida, Sean Richards
Sample pre-treatment represents one of the most important and often underestimated steps in analytical chemistry. The sample integrity and the representativeness are very crucial aspects in every analyses.[1] Metabolomics is the large-scale study of small molecules, commonly known as metabolites, within cells, bio-fluids, tissues, or organisms. Metabolomics includes both a chemical and a bioinformatics analysis. It involves the extraction and measurement of multiple small molecules from tissues or bio-fluids to produce unique metabolomic profiles. Collectively, the concentration profile of these small molecules is known as the metabolome. Statistical comparison of metabolomes from different phenotypes can be used to identify specific metabolomic changes. This approach continues to be applied to an ever-increasing range of fields such as disease diagnosis, toxicology, plant sciences, and nutrition,[2,3] and continually developed as an analytical tool for the measurement of metabolites.[4] Several protocols have been developed to obtain useful and reproducible metabolomic profiles of various types of human tissues.[5,6] Metabolomics analysis requires highly specialized and complex laboratory techniques.