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Diagnosis: Nanosensors in Diagnosis and Medical Monitoring
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Because of the importance of genetic makeup to the outcome of serious diseases like cancer, the concept of personalized medicine has been developed. Personalized medicine takes the approach that therapy should be specifically designed for each patient based on knowledge of their genetic profile. Progress in characterizing the human genome, with efforts like the Human Genome Project and the HapMap Consortium, has provided the knowledge and tools to make personalized medicine a possibility. Based on some important demonstrations of effectiveness, this emerging concept is beginning to gain ground. Efforts are continuing to gather and manage extensive representative data on human genomic and phenotypic variability, for a necessary knowledge base on which personalized nutrition and medicine can be built [334-340].
Embryonic Stem Cell as a Cellular Model for Testing the Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles
Published in Vineet Kumar, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Nanotoxicology, 2018
Jyoti Parkash, Arti Sharma, Ankur Jairath
In recent decades, nanotechnology has attracted major interest in view of drug delivery systems and therapies against diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and many others. Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for nanoscale particles or molecules (so-called “nanomedicine”) to be delivered to the targeted sites, thereby reducing toxicity (or side effects) and improving drug bioavailability. Stem cell applications and therapies are being considered to offer an outstanding potential in the treatment of a number of maladies. Recently, personalized medicine has drawn great attention in biological and pharmaceutical studies. Generally speaking, personalized medicine is a therapeutic model that offers a customized healthcare/cure that is tailored to a specific patient based on his own genetic information. Consequently, the combination of nanomedicine and iPSCs could actually be potent arenas for remedies in transplantation medicine and personalized medicine. Nanotechnology has provided the possibility of new therapeutic opportunities for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that cannot be used effectively in conventional formulations due to poor bioavailability or drug instability. Based on the nanoscaled properties (i.e., high surface area for API carrying, specific targeting, and lower toxicity), NPs have been greatly investigated as so-called “nanomedicines” for many decades, especially in cancer therapies. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an antimetastatic breast cancer formulation, Abraxane™, albumin-paclitaxel (Taxol™) NPs, in 2005. However, activity in nanotechnology innovation in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming remains low.
Healthcare Data Analytics Over Big Data
Published in N. Jeyanthi, Kun Ma, Thinagaran Perumal, R. Thandeeswaran, Managing Security Services in Heterogenous Networks, 2020
A significant number of diseases are genetic in nature, with an example like genetic markers that lead an individual to be prone to diabetes [15], but these are still unknown. One more example of blindness caused by Stargardt disease is also genetic in nature. Here we’ll try to understand the relationship between genetic markers, mutations, and disease conditions that have significant potential in supporting the development of different gene therapies to cure these conditions. The transformation process of genetic discoveries into personalized medicine practice is a highly nontrivial task with a lot of unresolved challenges.
Metal organic frameworks: an effective application in drug delivery systems
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Christine Jeyaseelan, Priyansh Jain, Deeya Soin, Deepshikha Gupta
The emerging need for personalized medicine and its recent applications in preventive and targeted treatment of diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma etc. have revealed the gap between existing and next generation medicine.[97–99] According to National Cancer Institute[100] (NCI) USA, personalized medicine can be understood as a spectrum of methodologies applied to study the person’s specific genetic or protein or physiological information and use the same to prevent, diagnose and treat the disease and also track the effectiveness of the treatment. MOFs and its composites have been identified to help in developing methodologies for personalized medicinal care.[101] For instance, use of platelet membrane coated Zn based MOF for delivering siRNA for gene silencing purposes[102] for cancer treatment development, use of ZIF-8 in gene delivery purposes,[100] and Sr-HCOOH MOFs role in gene expression regulation,[103] all lay foundation for further development of precision medicine.
Surveillance in Next-Generation Personalized Healthcare: Science and Ethics of Data Analytics in Healthcare
Published in The New Bioethics, 2021
Many patients are increasingly being drawn towards care customization. For many healthcare professionals, the doctor-patient relationship further emphasizes the need for customization of healthcare services. Some of the concepts that characterize personalized healthcare include; patient-centred care and personalized medicine. Patient-centred care involves the organization of patient management to address all the needs of the individual patients. Personalized medicine, on the other hand, focuses on tailoring treatment to suit the patient’s unique biological characteristics and genetic makeup (Minvielle et al. 2014). In the same light, augmented personalized healthcare (APH) is poised to improve the entire healthcare process by personalizing the integration and use of physical, cyber, and social data obtained from a variety of devices, including; wearables, Electronic Medical Records, and the Internet of Things (IoT) (Sheth and Anantharam 2013). Augmentation is the process whereby all the signals at the individual and population level obtained from analysing data are aggregated and integrated. Once these signals have been collected, they are converted into actions that ultimately result in the improvement of health-related outcomes (Sheth et al. 2017).
Mobile applications in peripheral arterial disease (PAD): a review and introduction of a new innovative telemonitoring application: JBZetje
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Michael J. Nugteren, Fabio S. Catarinella, Olivier H.J. Koning, Jan-Willem Hinnen
Mobile applications for PAD are scarce and currently aim at prevention, teleconsultation and telemonitoring via questionnaires and activity tracking. Recent literature has demonstrated the urge for development of new applications in this area. JBZetje is an innovative mobile application that provides remote care, information services and self-service tools, and enables connection with the EHR to generate a complete overview of a patient’s current health status. This will reinforce the tendency toward personalized medicine and will probably reduce health care costs and increase the quality of care.