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Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Marine bacteria produces many secondary metabolites which have been useful in the various sectors of pharmaceutical industries. Its pharmaceutical products shows high anti-inflammatory activities such as topsentins, manoalide and pseudopterosins and also anticancer activities such as bryostatins, discodermolide, and sarcodictyin. It also shows high antibiotic activities such as marinone. Probiotic bacteria like Bifidobacteria aand Lactobacilli produce the anticancer substances. That the compound from marine Halomonas sp. is cytotoxic hydroxyphenylpyrrole dicarboxylic acids, i.e., 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (HPPD-1), 3,4-di-(4-hydroxy-phenyl) pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (HPPD-2) and the indole derivatives 3-(hydroxyacetyl)-indole, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and indole-3-acetic acid (Erba et al., 1999).
Nanobioremediation
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Manoj Kumar Enamala, P. Divya Sruthi, Silpi Sarkar, Murthy Chavali, Induri Vasavi, Chandrashekar Kuppam
Apart from the bacteria found in normal environments, bacteria found in marine environments are adapted to tolerate one of the most adverse environments available, i.e., the oceans, which can vary in temperature, pH, population regimes, and wind patterns. Since these bacteria are adapted to such harsh conditions, they can be even better used in degrading heavy metal compounds present in the environment. The major nutrients utilized by the marine bacteria for growth are sodium and potassium ions. Among them, the sodium is utilized in the production of indole from tryptophan, which helps in transport of substrates into the cell, which indirectly indicates how these marine bacteria if utilized will penetrate deep inside with the help of nanomaterials/nanoparticles and help in cleaning the polluted sites. Hence, marine bacteria are being utilized for various applications in the degradation of hazardous compounds (Dash et al., 2013). During bioremediation, process bacteria must adhere to surfaces through proper dispersion of cells.
Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
Marine biota is critically important for the maintenance of a healthy and competitive environment in the ecosystem. Bacterial diversity plays a crucial role in each biogeochemical cycles, fluxes and processes occurring in the marine ecosystem. Microbes are extremely abundant and diverse, producing carbon products that are key in the regulation of Earth’s climate, particularly CO2 and CH4. Marine bacteria also provide an untapped source of genetic information and biomolecules (Glöckner et al., 2012).
Antimony toxicity upon microorganisms from aerobic and anaerobic environments
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Ivan Moreno-Andrade, Reyes Sierra-Alvarez, Marisol Pérez-Rangel, Cinthya Barrera, Jim A. Field, Aurora Pat-Espadas
Regarding the toxicity of Sb (V), this metalloid was more toxic under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions. The range of IC50 under anaerobic conditions was between 57.3 and 104.2 mg/L, and for aerobic conditions was 56.3 to >500 mg/L. In this case, it is important to consider that mixed cultures (fermentative and methanogenic microbial communities) were tested in anaerobic conditions. Some Sb (V)-reducing bacteria probably integrated these mixed cultures. Then, the IC50 obtained could be generated by the accumulation of the toxicity of Sb (V) added in the assays and the toxicity of Sb (III) formed from the reduction of Sb (V) during the fermentation and anaerobic digestion since these bioprocesses generate reducing environments. The information about the Sb (V)-reducing bacteria integrating hydrogen-producing or methane-producing microbial communities is null. However, the marine bacterium Shewanella sp. has been reported as H2 producer and Sb (V)- reducing bacteria.[55,56] Regarding methane production, the presence of Desulfovibrio sp. has been reported in microbial communities during methane production as responsible for sulfur oxidation.[57] Recently, this bacterium was reported as a mediator of sulfur-oxidation coupled to Sb (V) reduction, considered a novel biogeochemical process.[58]
Microremediation of tannery wastewater by siderophore producing marine bacteria
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
A. S. Vijayaraj, C. Mohandass, Devika Joshi
Marine bacteria are a lucrative option for bioremediation of tannery wastewater as they are adapted to adverse conditions of marine environment including varying temperature, salinity, pH, currents and precipitation. Hence marine bacteria which are suitably adapted to the adverse conditions possess naturally occurring metabolic capability to degrade, transform and/or accumulate several pollutants like toxic metals, organic load, recalcitrant hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical substances [19,20]. Production of siderophore is one of such metabolic capabilities of bacteria which can be harnessed for bioremediation. Siderophores are iron binding proteins with low molecular weight having the ability to bind a variety of metals in addition to iron, such as chromium, manganese, magnesium and gallium [21]. Hence they hold great potential to be employed for bioremediation which can be beneficial from both environmental and economic point of view [22].
Marine sediment derived bacteria Enterobacter asburiae ES1 and Enterobacter sp. Kamsi produce laccase with high dephenolisation potentials
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Chiedu E. Edoamodu, Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
The aquatic environments harbor varieties of microbes and natural resources, with an estimate of 3.67 × 1030 cell/mL even at extreme conditions[1] under varying light, saline, and temperatures (−35 up to 350 °C) regimes.[2–4] Aquatic organisms within this extreme environment adapt to various ecological characteristics, showing lenience to varying salt and pH and temperature conditions.[3] In addition, marine species are resistant to increased temperature; also, they secrete low pollutants within the environment and are of high substrate solvency and a faster reaction response rate.[5] Furthermore, marine bacteria have been stated as the most prominent biomass found in the aquatic habitat,[1,4] which can actively degrade various organic and inorganic contaminants.[6] Secondary metabolites extracted from marine bacteria represent a great deal in biotechnological purposes, for example, for biosurfactants synthesis, bioremediation applications, etc. They are highly functional at low or moderate temperatures conditions.[7–10] Marine bacteria harbors antimicrobial potentials and high bioactive substances that are potentially applied in the detergent and food industry and for the production of chemical reagents and medicine.[8] Also, they require less incitation energy and are stable at high temperatures, which is vital, cost-effective, and could enhance bioeconomy.[11] Some marine bacteria have reportedly produced enzymes with biodegradative capacity applicable to toxic pollutants,[3] scientists have discovered their importance for environmental remediation of phenolic and endocrine disruptors compounds.[8,12]