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Mechanical Effects of Cardiovascular Drugs and Devices
Published in Michel R. Labrosse, Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or extracorporeal life support (ECLS), as it is currently known, is essentially a long-term version of CPB that provides circulatory and respiratory support for hours to days. The standard CPB provides temporary cardiopulmonary support during various types of cardiac surgical procedures, while the purpose of ECMO is to allow time for intrinsic recovery of the lungs and heart. Extracorporeal life support is almost always “partial” bypass, as opposed to “total” bypass, which is required for cardiac operations. The amount of blood flow is based on the degree of support required, which is based on a series of physiological monitors in the circuit and on the patient. Many days may be required for the native heart or lungs to regain adequate function, and continuous anticoagulation is required. In general, ECLS is indicated in acute severe reversible cardiac or respiratory failure, when the risk of dying from the primary disease despite optimal conventional treatment is high (50%–100%). Usually, a patient on ECMO will also be on a ventilator, to give the lungs a chance to heal. The current survival rate is 80% for neonatal respiratory failure, 60% for pediatric respiratory failure, 50% for adult respiratory failure, 45% for pediatric cardiac failure, and 40% for adult cardiac failure.19
Research progress of portable extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Yuansen Chen, Duo Li, Ziquan Liu, Yanqing Liu, Haojun Fan, Shike Hou
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as an effective extracorporeal life support technology, is mainly used in patients with acute cardiopulmonary failure. In recent years, with the rapid development of ECMO technology, its clinical indications have gradually increased, and it has been applied in the treatment of many critical diseases [1]. Its good therapeutic effects have been achieved in the rescue and treatment of patient with severe respiratory failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, organ transplantation, poisoning and trauma [2–6]. As the novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) epidemic has rapidly spread around the world since 2019, ECMO has played an active role in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19, which has been generally accepted and recognized by the public. According to the report of the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO), in 2020, the number of ECMO transfers worldwide would reach more than 170,000 [7].