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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus subscapularis is situated in subscapular fossa of the scapula. Insertion: Its origin is the subscapular fossa. The distal insertion is on the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Action: Rotator intern and adductor of humerus. Subscapularis is part of the “rotator cuff “ with the following muscles such as the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. The rotator cuff action protects the glenohumeral joint. The subscapularis has a connection with the posterior wall of axilla. Innervation is assured by subscapular nerve (upper and lower portion) (C5, C6).
Shoulder problems
Published in Richard Graveling, Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in the Workplace, 2018
Finally, the subscapularis muscle arises from the subscapular fossa of the scapula (in effect between the shoulder blade and the ribs, as the name suggests) before passing round to the front of the humerus, where it is attached to the lesser tubercle (a ridge on the front of the humerus). Contraction of the subscapularis rotates the head of the humerus and assists in adduction (where the arm is moved across the front of the body). When the arm is lifted, this muscle pulls the humerus forward and down. As with the other muscles, this helps stabilise the shoulder joint.
A custom-made distal humerus plate fabricated by selective laser melting
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Thansita Thomrungpiyathan, Suriya Luenam, Boonrat Lohwongwatana, Winai Sirichativapee, Kriengkrai Nabudda, Chedtha Puncreobutr
Computational simulations were performed with a compression load of 200 N in axial direction on the distal end of humerus bone (Sabalic et al. 2013; Kudo et al. 2016). Note that the load is also in a testing range to evaluate load bearing in primary rehabilitation (Varady et al. 2017). As shown in Figure 2, the load was applied on surfaces of capitellum and trochlea in all models. The proximal end of humerus bone, include greater tubercle, lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove was defined as fixed support. As suggested in previous study (Bogataj et al. 2015), bolt pretension load of 10 N was also applied to all screws. Two types of contact conditions were defined. Contact interactions that allow finite sliding with zero friction coefficient (no separation constraint) were defined between the bone and the plates as well as between the screws and plate. Bonded contact constraint was applied between the screws and the surrounding bone as well as between the cortical bone and the trabecular bone.
Mechanical properties of upper torso rotation from the viewpoint of energetics during baseball pitching
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2020
Arata Kimura, Shinsuke Yoshioka, Leon Omura, Senshi Fukashiro
Custom programmes for analysing data were written using MATLAB (Version 2015a, MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). The whole body was modelled as 16 rigid link segments comprising the hands, forearms, upper arms, feet, shanks, thighs, head-neck, upper torso, abdomen, and pelvis, each of which had three degrees of freedom. The elbow and wrist joint centres were assigned to the mid-points of the lateral and medial humeral epicondyle markers and the radial and ulnar styloid process markers, respectively. The knee and ankle joint centres were assigned to the mid-points of the lateral and medial malleolus markers and the joint space of the knee markers, respectively. The shoulder joint centres were assigned to the mid-points of the humerus-lesser tubercle and under the scapula-acromial angle markers. The hip joint was estimated using the method developed by Harrington, Zavatsky, Lawson, Yuan, and Theologis (2007).