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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The first structure to be identified is the biceps tendon, located in the bicipital groove and used as a reference landmark (Fig. 3.20c). As with all sonography, it is vital for the operator to understand both the anatomy of the part under examination and the artefactual errors that may be caused by poor technique. The latter is elegantly illustrated by the two transverse images of the biceps tendon in the shoulder (Figs 3.20d, e). On the left image, the tendon (white arrows) appears normal, but on the right image the same tendon appears hypoechoic (black arrows). This is due to a slight angulation of the probe, evidenced by close inspection of the superficial tissues, resulting in a non-planar reflection and failure to capture all the echoes from the tendon. This slight angulation error could cause a false diagnosis of tendon pathology in the unwary.
The throwing shoulder in youth elite handball: adaptions of inferior but not anterior capsule thickness differ between the two sexes
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Moritz T. Winkelmann, Leonard Achenbach, Florian Zeman, Lior Laver, Sven S. Walter
To assess humeral retrotorsion, a portable linear array ultrasound probe (Lumify L12-4, Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands) modified with a water level was positioned anterior of the shoulder (Andersson et al., 2018; Guenoun et al., 2015; Myers et al., 2012). The participants were in supine position with the shoulder at 90 degrees abduction and the elbow at 90° flexion. First, the examiner identified the two apexes of the tuberosities. The humerus was then pivoted by the second examiner until the apexes were in alignment and the bicipital groove appeared in the central aspect of the ultrasound scan. Horizontal alignment of the greater and lesser tuberercle was then determined using a water level. The degree of internal rotation was assessed by a second examiner as outlined for the measurement of the glenohumeral internal and external ranges of motion (Achenbach, Clement et al., 2019).