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Emerging Perspectives of Virtual Reality Techniques
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation, 2020
The impact of CNS injury on neuroplasticity has been studied to a great extent, particularly in persons with stroke (Dimyan & Cohen, 2011; Koeneman et al., 2007). Studies of motor recovery after stroke indicated that many forms of neuroplasticity may occur simultaneously in parallel. Rehabilitation post-stroke produces a range of brain events such as a return to a normal degree of laterality (Buma et al., 2010) and the formation of new connections from neurons on the undamaged side of the brain to neurons in damaged areas of the midbrain and spinal cord (Chen et al., 2002). Adaptive changes may also occur following peripheral nervous system lesions. Following nerve damage in the UE, there is extensive functional reorganization in the somatosensory cortex (Chen et al., 2002; Davis et al., 2011; Hansson & Brismar, 2003; Lundborg, 2003; Florence & Kaas, 1995). In line with the research on CNS plasticity, recent studies support the view that training protocols designed to enhance sensory relearning substantially improve functional outcomes following surgical peripheral nerve repair (Rosen et al., 2014; Miller et al., 2012; Svens & Rosen, 2009; Rosén & Lundborg, 2003). Therefore, rehabilitation programs should target promotion of neuroplasticity following both central and peripheral nervous system lesions.
Case Studies
Published in Nicholas Stergiou, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, 2018
Anastasia Kyvelidou, Leslie M. Decker
A significant effect of laterality revealed that the LyE was smaller in the non-dominant hand. A significant effect of movement direction showed that the LyE was significantly smaller in the horizontal direction. Although there was no three-way interaction among three effects, two significant two-way interactions between training and laterality and between movement direction and laterality were found. In the follow-up pairwise comparisons, significantly smaller LyE was only found in the nondominant hand from pre- to posttraining tests (Figure 9.16). The dominant hand did not show differences across training. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in LyE from the dominant to the nondominant hand only in the horizontal but not in the vertical direction (Figure 9.17). We can also see these differences in Figure 9.16 where the horizontal movement paths from pre- to posttraining tests are in three-dimensional state-space plots. This three-dimensional state-space plot presents the movement path, where the second derivative is plotted versus the first derivative and the position of the movement. The trajectory of the movement path shows a more consistent, cleaner, and less divergent movement pattern after training.
fMRI as a Biomarker in Neuroimaging
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Asimina Lazaridou, Babak Kateb, A. Aria Tzika
Plasticity after stroke has traditionally been studied by observing changes only in the spatial distribution and laterality of focal brain activation during affected limb movement (9). However, neural reorganization is multifaceted, and our understanding may be enhanced by examining dynamics of activity within large-scale networks involved in the sensorimotor control of the limbs. In stroke rehabilitation, functional imaging studies of the motor system have described task-related brain activation in recovered patients over and above control subjects in contralesional sensorimotor and premotor cortex, ipsilesional cerebellum, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), and parietal cortex (Figure 29.1).
Effects of bilateral and non-dominant practices on the lateral preference in judo matches
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, Xian Mayo, Xurxo Dopico, Miguel Fernández-Del-Olmo, Eduardo Carballeira, Juan Fariñas, Sergio Fernández-Uribe
The preferential use of a symmetrical body part (i.e., right or left) is usually described as laterality, motoric dominance (Grouios, 2004), or motor preference (Guilherme, Garganta, Graca, & Seabra, 2015) and it distinguishes between dominant and non-dominant sides (e.g., leg, arm, turn). Similarly, the term right or left proficiency has referred to the most skillful limb performance (Guilherme et al., 2015).